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until
ʌntɪl ʌnˈtɪl ʌnˈtɪl
1 PREP 直至；直到；在…之前 If something happens until a particular time, it happens during the period before that time and stops at that time. 直至；直到；在…之前

  • Until 1982 he was senior lecturer in botany at Durham University.

    1982年以前他一直是达勒姆大学生物系的高级讲师。

  • ...consumers who have waited until after the Christmas holiday to do that holiday shopping.

    等到过完圣诞节才进行节日采购的顾客

SYN till, up to, up till, up to the time
Until is also a conjunction.

  • I waited until it got dark.

    我一直等到天黑。

  • Stir with a metal spoon until the sugar has dissolved.

    用金属调羹搅拌至糖融化。

2 PREP （与否定词连用）直到…之前，直到…为止，除非 You use until with a negative to emphasize the moment in time after which the rest of your statement becomes true, or the condition which would make it true. （与否定词连用）直到…之前，直到…为止，除非

  • The traffic laws don't take effect until the end of the year.

    交通法要到年底才生效。

  • It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.

    直到1911年才发现了第一种维生素。

SYN before, up to, prior to, in advance of
Until is also a conjunction.

  • The EU will not lift its sanctions until that country makes political changes.

    除非该国实施政治改革，否则欧盟将不会解除制裁。

3 up until→see: up 
Usage Note :

  • Note that you only use until or till when you are talking about time. You do not use these words to talk about place or position. Instead, you should use as far as or up to. Then you'll be riding with us as far as the village?... We walked up to where his bicycle was.

    注意，until和till只能用于谈论时间。谈论地点或位置时应用as far as 或 up to：Then you'll be riding with us as far as the village（那么你会坐我们的车一直坐到那个村庄吗），We walked up to where his bicycle was（我们一直走到他放自行车的地方）。

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