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BNC: 20083 COCA: 15491
toughen
tʌfən ˈtʌfən
Word forms: 3rd person singular present tense toughens, present participle toughening, past tense , past participle toughened
1 V-ERG (使)变坚硬;(使)变坚韧 If you toughen something or if it toughens, you make it stronger so that it will not break easily. (使)变坚硬;(使)变坚韧 [Also VERB]
  • Do not add salt to beans when cooking as this tends to toughen the skins. [VERB noun]

    煮豆荚时别加盐,因为这常会使豆壳变硬。

  • toughened glass. [VERB-ed]

    钢化玻璃

2 VERB 加强,强化(政策、规章或惩罚);使强硬 If a person, institution, or law toughens its policies, regulations, or punishments, it makes them firmer or stricter. 加强,强化(政策、规章或惩罚);使强硬 [Also VERB n PREPOSITION]
  • Talks are under way to toughen trade restrictions. [VERB noun]

    加强贸易限制的会谈正在进行中。

  • They have put considerable pressure on the Government to toughen its stance… [VERB noun]

    他们已对政府施加了相当大的压力,要求其采取强硬立场。

  • British regulations are also being toughened. [VERB noun]

    英国的规章也正在变得更加严格。

SYN make stricter, tighten, stiffen, beef up [informal]
Toughen up means the same as toughen.toughen up toughen
  • The new law toughens up penalties for those that misuse guns.

    新法对滥用枪支的处罚更为严厉。

3 VERB (经历)使坚强,使顽强 If an experience toughens you, it makes you stronger and more independent in character. (经历)使坚强,使顽强 [Also VERB PREPOSITION n (not pron)]
  • They believe that participating in fights toughens boys and shows them how to be men. [VERB noun]

    他们认为参与打架会使男孩子变得坚强,教会他们怎样成为男人。

  • …people who have been toughened by their daily circumstances. [VERB noun]

    被日常境况磨砺得坚韧顽强的人们

Toughen up means the same as toughen.toughen up toughen
  • He thinks boxing is good for kids, that it toughens them up.

    他认为拳击对小孩子有好处,可使他们变得坚强。

  • My father tried to teach me to toughen up.

    我父亲试图教我变得坚强。

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