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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
scratch
skrætʃ skrætʃ skrætʃ
Word forms: plural , 3rd person singular present tense scratches, present participle scratching, past tense , past participle scratched
1 VERB

給…搔癢;給…撓癢 If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching. 給…搔癢;給…撓癢

  • He scratched himself under his arm. [VERB pronoun-reflexive]

    他在胳膊下面撓了撓。

  • The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side. [VERB noun]

    老人撩起開襟毛衣撓了撓身體的一側。

  • I had to wear long sleeves to stop myself scratching. [VERB]

    我只好穿上長袖衣服以免自己撓癢。

SYN rub, scrape, claw at
2 VERB

劃傷;劃出痕迹 If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface. 劃傷;劃出痕迹

  • The branches tore at my jacket and scratched my hands and face. [VERB noun]

    樹枝刮破了我的夾克，劃傷了我的手和臉。

  • Knives will scratch the worktop. [VERB noun]

    小刀會在工作台上留下劃痕。

SYN mark, cut, score, damage
3 N-COUNT

劃痕;擦痕 Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts. 劃痕;擦痕

  • The seven-year-old was found crying with scratches on his face and neck. [+ on/to]

    那名 7 歲男孩被發現時正在哭泣，臉部和頸部都有劃傷。

  • I pointed to a number of scratches in the tile floor.

    我指向地板磚上的一道道劃痕。

SYN mark, scrape, graze, blemish
4 PHRASE

從零開始;從頭做起;白手起家 If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before. 從零開始;從頭做起;白手起家

  • Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging.

    建立一個全新的家庭既讓人興奮又富於挑戰。

  • Hong Kong's manufacturing industry did not start from scratch in the post-war period.

    戰後，香港制造業的興起並非從零開始。

5 PHRASE

苦苦琢磨;絞盡腦汁 If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle. 苦苦琢磨;絞盡腦汁

  • The Institute spends a lot of time scratching its head about how to boost American productivity.

    該協會花費大量時間苦苦思索如何提高美國的生産力。

6 PHRASE

觸及表面;隔靴搔癢;淺嘗辄止 If you only scratch the surface of a subject or problem, you find out or do a small amount, but not enough to understand or solve it. 觸及表面;隔靴搔癢;淺嘗辄止

  • Officials say they've only scratched the surface of the drug problem. [+ of]

    官員們說他們只是觸及了毒品問題的表面。

  • We had only two weeks to tour Malaysia, which was hardly enough time to scratch the surface.

    我們只有兩周的時間遊覽馬來西亞，連走馬觀花都來不及。

7 PHRASE

達到標準;合格;令人滿意 If you say that someone or something is not up to scratch, you mean that they are not good enough. 達到標準;合格;令人滿意

  • My mother always made me feel I wasn't coming up to scratch.

    母親總是使我覺得自己不夠優秀。

Trends of scratch
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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
scratch

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + SCRATCH | SCRATCH + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤deep, long, nasty深深的／長長的／難看的擦痕▸➤light, little, minor, slight, small輕微劃痕；小擦痕；淺淺的擦痕◇His only injuries were some minor scratches above his eye.他僅在眼睛上方有些輕微的擦傷。➤a few, numerous幾處／無數擦痕➤cat貓的抓痕VERB + SCRATCH➤have有擦痕➤get受到擦傷➤leave, make留下擦痕◇Powdered cleansers will leave scratches on the glass.清潔粉會在玻璃上留下擦痕。SCRATCH + NOUN➤mark擦痕PREPOSITION➤without a scratch毫發無損◇She emerged from the wrecked vehicle without a scratch.她安然無恙地從撞毀車輛中鑽了出來。
scratch

verb

ADVERB | PREPOSITION ADVERB➤badly嚴重地刮傷◇The table had been badly scratched.桌子被刮得傷痕纍纍。➤absently (especially NAmE) 心不在焉地撓◇He absently scratched his head.他心不在焉地撓了撓頭。➤lightly輕輕刮PREPOSITION➤at撓⋯◇He scratched at his beard for a few seconds.他抓了幾下鬍子。◇I could hear the dog scratching at the door.我聽見狗在撓門。➤on在⋯上劃傷◇I scratched my arm on a rose bush.我被玫瑰花叢劃傷了胳膊。➤with用⋯抓◇She scratched his face with her nails.她用指甲抓傷了他的臉。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
scratch noun
⇨ injuryscratch verb
⇨ scratch 1 (scratch yourself on sth) ⇨ scratch 2 (a cat scratches) ⇨ creak (mice scratch)scratch1

verb

 scratch yourself on a nail 在釘子上劃了自己一下scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 撓被蟲叮的包；貓撓人scratch ♦︎ scrape ♦︎ rub ♦︎ scuff ♦︎ grazeThese words all mean to damage a surface or to remove sth from it by moving sth sharp and hard across it. 這些詞均表示擦破、劃破、磨破。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to scratch sth / scrape sth / rub / scuff sth / graze sth on sth◆to scrape / graze your knee / knuckles / elbow / shin◆to scratch / scrape / graze a surface◆to scratch / scuff / graze sth badly■ scratch [transitive] to damage the surface of sth, especially accidentally, by making thin shallow marks on it; to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp （尤指意外地）擦破，劃損，刮壞；劃破，劃傷（皮膚）◆Be careful not to scratch the furniture.小心别刮壞了家具。◆The car's paintwork is badly scratched.汽車的漆面劃損得很嚴重。◆I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.我把腿劃破流血了。◆She scratched herself on a nail.她在釘子上劃了一下。   see also scratch ⇨ injury noun ■ scrape [transitive] to rub sth accidentally against sth rough, so that it gets damaged or hurt （意外地）擦壞，擦傷，刮壞，蹭破◆I scraped the side of my car on the wall.我的車一側被牆刮了。◆Sorry, I've scraped some paint off the car.抱歉，我把車刮掉了一塊漆。◆She fell and scraped her knee.她摔了一跤，把膝蓋蹭破了。◆The wire had scraped the skin from her fingers.她的手指被金屬絲刮掉了皮。NOTE 辨析 Scratch or scrape?If you scratch a surface you make a long thin line on it; if you scrape it, you usually make a wider mark. If you scratch a part of your body, the damage is not very bad; if you scrape it, the damage is usually a little greater. 表示擦傷物體表面時，scratch指在上面留下細長的道子，scrape通常指在上面留下較寬的痕迹。表示擦傷身體某個部位時，scratch傷得不嚴重，scrape則通常傷得略嚴重些。■ rub (-bb-) [intransitive](of a surface) to move backwards and forwards many times against sth while pressing it, especially causing pain or damage （表面）磨，摩擦（尤指引起疼痛或造成損害）◆The back of my shoe is rubbing.我的鞋後跟磨腳。◆The wheel is rubbing on the mudguard.車輪蹭着擋泥板了。◆The horse's neck was rubbed raw (= until the skin came off) where the rope had been.馬脖子上拴過缰繩的地方皮都給磨掉了。■ scuff [transitive] to make a mark on the smooth surface of sth when you rub it against sth rough 磨損，磨壞（光滑表面）◆I scuffed the heel of my shoe on the stonework.我的鞋跟被鋪石路面磨壞了。■ graze [transitive] to break the surface of your skin by rubbing it against sth rough 擦傷，擦破（皮膚）◆I fell and grazed my knee.我摔了一跤，擦傷了膝蓋。◆He grazed his elbow on a sharp piece of rock.他的手肘被一塊尖石劃傷了。   see also graze ⇨ injury noun NOTE 辨析 Scrape or graze? Graze is only used to talk about parts of the body; scrape can be used to talk about damaging many types of surface. Scrape places more emphasis on the action; graze places more emphasis on the injury. * graze僅指擦傷身體某部位，scrape可用於多種表面。scrape更強調擦傷的動作，graze更強調所受的損傷。scratch2

verb

 scratch yourself on a nail 在釘子上劃了自己一下scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 撓被蟲叮的包；貓撓人scratch ♦︎ clawThese words both mean to rub or tear sth with claws or nails. 這兩個詞均表示用爪子或指甲搔、撓、抓。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to scratch / claw at sth◆to scratch / claw sth with sth◆to scratch / claw sb frantically■ scratch [transitive, intransitive] to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching (= making you feel uncomfortable); to cut sb's skin slightly with your nails 撓，搔（癢處）；抓破，抓傷（皮膚）◆John yawned and scratched his chin.約翰打了個哈欠，撓了撓下巴。◆Try not to scratch.盡量别撓。◆She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.她撓了撓胳膊上被蟲咬的包。◆She had obviously tried to scratch her attacker.顯然她曾試圖抓傷襲擊她的人。◆Does the cat scratch?這只貓撓人嗎？■ claw [intransitive, transitive] to scratch or tear sb/sth with claws (= one of the sharp curved nails on an animal's or bird's foot) or with your fingernails （用爪子或指甲）抓，撕，撓◆The cat was clawing at the leg of the chair.那只貓在抓撓椅子腿。◆She had clawed Stephen across the face.她曾抓過斯蒂芬的臉。ⓘ When it is used to describe people's actions, claw is mostly used in literary writing, and may be used to talk about particularly desperate or violent acts. * claw表示人的行爲時主要出現在文學作品中，可指抓扯得特别拼命或粗暴◆She flew at him, clawing blindly with her nails.她朝他撲過去，手指到處亂抓。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644

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