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BNC: 13 COCA: 28
not
nɒt nɑt

  • Not is often shortened to n't in spoken English, and added to the auxiliary or modal verb. For example, ‘did not’ is often shortened to ‘didn't’.

    not在口语中常略作 n't，用在助动词或情态动词后，例如：did not 常略作 didn't。

1 NEG (与动词连用构成否定句)不，非，没有 You use not with verbs to form negative statements. (与动词连用构成否定句)不，非，没有

  • The sanctions are not working the way they were intended.

    制裁没有发挥预期的作用。

  • I was not in Britain at the time.

    当时我不在英国。

  • There are many things you won't understand here.

    这儿有很多事情是你无法理解的。

  • I don't trust my father anymore.

    我再也不相信爸爸了。

2 NEG (构成期望得到肯定回答的疑问句) You use not to form questions to which you expect the answer 'yes'. (构成期望得到肯定回答的疑问句)

  • Haven't they got enough problems there already?.

    难道他们那儿的问题还少吗？

  • Didn't I see you at the party last week?.

    我在上周的聚会上见过你，对不对？

  • Didn't you just love the Waltons?

    你难道不喜欢看《沃尔顿一家》吗？

3 NEG (通常以 n't 的形式出现在问句中，用于推断某人应已做某事或表示惊讶) You use not, usually in the form n't, in questions which imply that someone should have done something, or to express surprise that something is not the case. (通常以 n't 的形式出现在问句中，用于推断某人应已做某事或表示惊讶)

  • Why didn't you do it months ago?.

    几个月以前你为什么不做呢？

  • Why couldn't he listen to her?.

    他为什么不能听她的呢？

  • Hasn't anyone ever kissed you before?.

    以前从没有人吻过你吗？

  • Shouldn't you have gone further?.

    你不是该更深入一步了吗？

  • Didn't I tell you to put some slippers on?

    难道我没有告诉你要穿拖鞋吗？

4 NEG (通常用 n't 的形式，用于肯定陈述后的附加疑问句)是吗? 不是吗? You use not, usually in the form n't, in question tags after a positive statement. (通常用 n't 的形式，用于肯定陈述后的附加疑问句)是吗? 不是吗?

  • 'It's a nice piece of jewellery though, isn't it?'.

    “可这是一件漂亮的首饰，不是吗?”

  • I've been a great husband, haven't I?.

    我一直是个很不错的丈夫，不是吗？

  • You will take me tomorrow, won't you?

    你明天会带上我的，不是吗？

5 NEG (通常以 n't 的形式，表示礼貌的建议) You use not, usually in the form n't, in polite suggestions. (通常以 n't 的形式，表示礼貌的建议) [politeness]

  • Actually we do have a position in mind. Why don't you fill out our application?.

    实际上我们的确在考虑一个职位，你先填一下我们的求职表好吗？

  • Couldn't they send it by train?

    他们不能用火车运过来吗？

6 NEG (用于表示对刚提及的单词、词组或从句的否定)不，没有 You use not to represent the negative of a word, group, or clause that has just been used. (用于表示对刚提及的单词、词组或从句的否定)不，没有

  • 'Have you found Paula?'—'I'm afraid not, Kate.'.

    “你找到葆拉了吗？”—“很遗憾，没有，凯特。”

  • At first I really didn't care whether he came or not.

    起先我真的不在乎他是否会来。

7 NEG (用于 all 或 every 前，表示部分否定)并非，不是 You can use not in front of 'all' or 'every' when you want to say something that applies only to some members of the group that you are talking about. (用于 all 或 every 前，表示部分否定)并非，不是

  • Not all the money, to put it mildly, has been used wisely.

    说得好听些，不是所有的钱都花得是地方。

  • Not every applicant had a degree.

    不是所有的求职者都有学位。

8 NEG 并非(总是…) If something is not always the case, you mean that sometimes it is the case and sometimes it is not. 并非(总是…)

  • He didn't always win the arguments, but he often was right.

    他并非在争辩中总是能赢，但他经常是对的。

  • She couldn't always afford a babysitter.

    她并不是总能请得起临时保姆。

  • The life of an FBI agent wasn't always as glamorous as people thought.

    美国联邦调查局特工的生活并非总像人们想象的那么刺激。

9 NEG (用于 a 或 one 前加强语气)(一个…)也不，(一个…)也没有 You can use not or not even in front of 'a' or 'one' to emphasize that there is none at all of what is being mentioned. (用于 a 或 one 前加强语气)(一个…)也不，(一个…)也没有 [emphasis]

  • The houses are beautiful, but there's no shop, not even a pub to go into.

    这些房子很漂亮，但周围没有商店，甚至连一个酒馆都没有。

  • I sent report after report. But not one word was published.

    我寄了一篇又一篇的报告，但一个字都没有发表。

  • 'Did he have any enemies?' — 'Not a one. Not a damn one!'

    “他有什么仇人吗？”—“一个都没有，竟然找不出一个！”

10 NEG (用于表示距离、时间或其他数量的词前)不到，少于 You can use not in front of a word referring to a distance, length of time, or other amount to say that the actual distance, time, or amount is less than the one mentioned. (用于表示距离、时间或其他数量的词前)不到，少于

  • The tug crossed our stern not fifty yards away.

    拖船擦着我们的船尾开了过去，距离不到50码。

  • ...a large crowd not ten yards away waiting for a bus.

    不到10码远的地方有一大群等公共汽车的人

  • They were here not five minutes ago!

    他们不到5分钟前还在这儿！

11 NEG (用于对比真实和不真实的情况，尤用于可能使人产生误解的陈述)不是 You use not when you are contrasting something that is true with something that is untrue. You use this especially to indicate that people might think that the untrue statement is true. (用于对比真实和不真实的情况，尤用于可能使人产生误解的陈述)不是

  • He has his place in the Asian team not because he is white but because he is good.

    他在这支亚洲球队中占有一席之地，不是因为他是白人，而是因为他确实出色。

  • Training is an investment not a cost.

    培训是一种投资，而不是花费。

  • There came an explosion, not so much a bang as a shaking like an earthquake.

    发生了一次爆炸，没听到一声轰然巨响，倒像是地震那样地面猛晃了晃。

12 NEG (用于not only，not just, not simply 等短语中，强调某事物的真实性，但不是全部事实) You use not in expressions such as 'not only', 'not just', and 'not simply' to emphasize that something is true, but it is not the whole truth. (用于not only，not just, not simply 等短语中，强调某事物的真实性，但不是全部事实) [emphasis]

  • These movies were not only making money; they were also perceived to be original.

    这些电影不仅赚钱，而且被视为具有原创性。

  • There is always a 'black market' not just in Britain but in Europe as a whole.

    黑市一直存在，不只是在英国，整个欧洲也是。

  • Hoffman did not simply oppose the system; he used the system against itself.

    霍夫曼不仅仅是反对这个体制，他还利用体制自身的漏洞对它进行攻击。

13 PHR-CONJ-SUBORD (用于引出否定从句)并不是说，并非 You use not that to introduce a negative clause that contradicts something that the previous statement implies. (用于引出否定从句)并不是说，并非

  • His death took me a year to get over; not that you're ever really over it.

    我用一年时间慢慢接受了他去世的事实，但其实你永远不会真正完全忘掉。

  • It occurred to Tom to wonder whether Jane was quite trustworthy. Not that he thought she was in any way politically active.

    汤姆突然想到简是不是值得信任，并不是说他认为简有些热衷于政治。

14 CONVENTION (用于表示强调)一点不，根本没有 Not at all is an emphatic way of saying 'No' or of agreeing that the answer to a question is 'No'. (用于表示强调)一点不，根本没有 [emphasis]

  • 'Sorry. I sound like Abby, don't I?' — 'No. Not at all.'.

    “抱歉，我讲起话来像阿比，是不是？”—“不，一点不像。”

  • 'You don't think that you've betrayed your country.' — 'No I don't. No, not at all.'

    “你认为你没有背叛自己的国家。”—“我没有，根本没有。”

15 CONVENTION 不用谢;别客气 Not at all is a polite way of acknowledging a person's thanks. 不用谢;别客气 [formulae]

  • 'Thank you very much for speaking with us.' — 'Not at all.'

    “非常感谢您能和我们交谈。”—“不客气。”

16 not half→see: half  if not→see: if  not least→see: least  not to mention→see: mention  nothing if not→see: nothing  not for nothing→see: nothing  more often than not→see: often 
Trends of not
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BNC: 13 COCA: 28
BNC: 13 COCA: 28
BNC: 13 COCA: 28

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