fall - Meaning, pronunciation, collocation and usage 英漢雙解 | Mr. Ng 線上詞典

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IELTS BNC: 332 COCA: 410

fall

fɔːl  fɔl 

Word forms: plural , 3rd person singular present tense falls, present participle falling, past tense fell, past participle fallen

1 VERB 落下;坠落;掉落 If someone or something falls, they move quickly downwards onto or towards the ground, by accident or because of a natural force. 落下;坠落;掉落

Her father fell into the sea after a massive heart attack. [VERB prep.]

她父亲在一次严重的心脏病发作后坠入海中。
Prince Charles has again fallen from his horse. [VERB prep.]

查尔斯王子又一次从马上摔了下来。
Bombs fell in the town. [VERB]

炸弹落在镇上。
I ought to seal the boxes up. I don't want the books falling out. [V out/off]

我应该把盒子封起来。我不想让书掉出来。
Twenty people were injured by falling masonry. [VERB-ing]

有20人被倒塌的石墙砸伤。

SYN drop, plunge, tumble, plummet

Fall is also a noun.

The helmets are designed to withstand impacts equivalent to a fall from a bicycle.

头盔设计的承受力相当于从自行车上摔下的冲击力。

2 VERB 摔倒;跌倒;倒塌 If a person or structure that is standing somewhere falls, they move from their upright position, so that they are then lying on the ground. 摔倒;跌倒;倒塌

The woman gripped the shoulders of her man to stop herself from falling. [VERB]

这个女人抓住丈夫的肩膀，以免摔倒。
We watched buildings fall on top of people and pets. [VERB prep./adv.]

我们看到一幢幢大楼倒塌，砸在人和宠物身上。
He lost his balance and fell backwards. [VERB prep./adv.]

他失去平衡，向后倒去。

Fall is also a noun .

Mrs Briscoe had a bad fall last week.

布里斯科太太上星期重重摔了一跤。

Fall down means the same as fall .fall down 同 fall

I hit him so hard he fell down.

我用劲太猛,把他打翻在地。
Children jumped from upper floors as the building fell down around them.

大楼倒塌时，孩子们从上面几层楼上跳了下来。

fallen

A number of roads have been blocked by fallen trees.

有几条路被倒下的树堵住了。

Usage Note :

Note that you can use fall down to talk about people and objects, but for things like prices you should use the verb fall by itself. Suddenly she just fell down beside me... Share prices fell sharply during the day. Do not confuse fall and drop. Although things can drop or fall by accident, note that fall is not followed by an object, so you cannot say that someone 'falls' something. However, you can say that they drop something, or that something drops. Leaves were falling to the ground... He dropped his cigar... Plate after plate dropped from his fingers. You say that a person drops when they jump straight down from something, for example, when someone jumps from a plane using a parachute. If someone falls it is usually because of an accident. He stumbled and fell. Drop and fall are also nouns. A drop is the height of something when you imagine falling off it. Sixteen hundred feet is a considerable drop. A fall is what happens when someone has an accident. I had been badly bruised by the fall.
注意 fall down 既可用于人亦可用于物，但如谈到价格一类的事物就只能单独用动词 fall。如：Suddenly she just fell down beside me (她突然在我身旁倒下了)，Share prices fell sharply during the day (股票价格在白天暴跌)。不要将 fall 与 drop 混淆。fall 和 drop 均可表示意外掉落，但 fall 后不跟宾语，因此不能说 someone falls something, 但可以说 someone drops something 或 something drops，如: Leaves were falling to the ground (叶子纷纷落下)，He dropped his cigar (他将雪茄扔掉)，Plate after plate dropped from his fingers (一个又一个碟子从他指间滑落)。drop 可表示从某处跳下，如使用降落伞从飞机上跳下。但如说某人fall，则一般表示意外摔倒。如:He stumbled and fell (他绊了一下，摔倒了)。drop 和 fall 均可作名词。drop 指想象从某处掉落的高度，如：Sixteen hundred feet is a considerable drop (1, 600 英尺是个相当大的落差)。fall 则指意外摔倒，如：I had been badly bruised by the fall. (我摔得青一块紫一块)。

3 VERB (雨或雪)落下,下落 When rain or snow falls, it comes down from the sky. (雨或雪)落下,下落

Winds reached up to 100mph in some places with an inch of rain falling within 15 minutes. [VERB]

风力在一些地方达到了每小时 100 英里，15 分钟内降雨量达一英寸。

Fall is also a noun.

One night there was a heavy fall of snow.

有一天晚上下了一场大雪。

4See also:rainfall snowfall

5 VERB (常因疲乏)一头倒下，一下躺倒 If you fall somewhere, you allow yourself to drop there in a hurried or disorganized way, often because you are very tired. (常因疲乏)一头倒下，一下躺倒

Totally exhausted, he tore his clothes off and fell into bed. [VERB prep.]

他疲惫至极，扯下衣服，一头倒在床上。
In the morning I got as far as the sofa and fell on to it. [VERB prep.]

早晨，我只走到沙发那儿，就一下子倒在上面。

6 VERB (数量)减少;(价值)下降;(力量)减弱 If something falls, it decreases in amount, value, or strength. (数量)减少;(价值)下降;(力量)减弱

Output will fall by 6%. [VERB + by]

产量将减少 6％。
Her weight fell to under seven stones. [V + to/from]

她的体重减到了 7 英石以下。
Between July and August, oil product prices fell 0.2 per cent. [VERB amount]

七八月间,石油产品价格下降了 0.2％。
The number of prosecutions has stayed static and the rate of convictions has fallen. [VERB]

提起诉讼的数量持平，有罪判决率下降。
...a time of falling living standards and emerging mass unemployment. [VERB-ing]

生活水平下降、大规模失业初露端倪的时期

SYN decrease, drop, decline, go down

Fall is also a noun.

There was a sharp fall in the value of the pound.

英镑大幅贬值。

7 VERB 垮台;失势 If a powerful or successful person falls, they suddenly lose their power or position. 垮台;失势

There's a danger of the government falling because it will lose its majority. [VERB]

政府将因失去其占多数的优势而有倒台的危险。
The moment Mrs Thatcher fell from power has left a lasting imprint on the world's memory. [VERB + from]

撒切尔夫人倒台的那一刻在世人的记忆中留下了永久的印痕。

Fall is also a noun.

Following the fall of the military dictator in March, the country has had a civilian government.

军事独裁者 3 月份垮台后，该国成立了一个平民政府。
Her rise has mirrored his fall.

她的崛起反衬了他的败落。

8 VERB 陷落;失守;(竞选)失利 If a place falls in a war or election, an enemy army or a different political party takes control of it. 陷落;失守;(竞选)失利

Croatian army troops retreated from northern Bosnia and the area fell to the Serbs. [VERB + to]

克罗地亚军队从波斯尼亚北部撤军后，该地区落入塞尔维亚人手里。
With the announcement 'Paphos has fallen!' a cheer went up from the assembled soldiers. [VERB]

随着一声宣告：“帕福斯陷落啦！”，聚集在一起的士兵爆发出一阵欢呼声。

Fall is also a noun.

...the fall of Rome.

罗马的陷落

9 VERB 战死;阵亡 If someone falls in battle, they are killed. 战死;阵亡 [literary]

Another wave of troops followed the first, running past those who had fallen. [VERB]

又一批士兵跟着第一批士兵从阵亡者身边跑过。

SYN be killed, die, be lost, perish

10 V-LINK 进入，陷入(某种状态) You can use fall to show that someone or something passes into another state. For example, if someone falls ill, they become ill, and if something falls into disrepair, it is then in a state of disrepair. 进入，陷入(某种状态)

It is almost impossible to visit Florida without falling in love with the state. [V + in/into/out of]

去佛罗里达观光而不爱上这个州几乎不可能。
'Business to Business' was taken over by another company after it fell into debt. [V in/into/out of n]

《致富》债务缠身，被另一家公司收购。
I took Moira to the cinema, where she fell asleep. [VERB adj.ive]

我带莫伊拉去看电影，她却在影院睡着了。
Almost without exception these women fall victim to exploitation. [VERB noun]

这些女性几乎无一例外都受到了盘剥。

11 VERB 属于;被划分为 If you say that something or someone falls into a particular group or category, you mean that they belong in that group or category. 属于;被划分为

The problems generally fall into two categories. [VERB + into]

问题大致分成两类。
Both women fall into the highest-risk group. [VERB + into]

两个女人都属于高危人群。

12 VERB (责任或责备)由…承担，由…负责 If the responsibility or blame for something falls on someone, they have to take the responsibility or the blame for it. (责任或责备)由…承担，由…负责 [written]

That responsibility falls on the local office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. [VERB + on]

那由联合国高级难民署的地方分部负责。
A vastly disproportionate burden falls on women for child care. [VERB on noun]

照料孩子的重担落在了女性身上。
A lot of suspicion fell on her. [VERB on noun]

众多疑点落在了她的身上。

13 VERB (人群)变得(安静、悲哀或疲倦) If silence or a feeling of sadness or tiredness falls on a group of people, they become silent, sad, or tired. (人群)变得(安静、悲哀或疲倦) [written]

The bus was stopped and silence fell on the passengers as the police checked identity cards. [V on/over n]

公交车被拦住了，警察检查身份证时，乘客们鸦雀无声。

14 VERB (庆典或特别事件)在，适逢(某日) If a celebration or other special event falls on a particular day or date, it happens to be on that day or date. (庆典或特别事件)在，适逢(某日)

...the oddly named Quasimodo Sunday which falls on the first Sunday after Easter. [VERB + on]

适逢复活节后第一个星期天的名字古怪的“卸白衣主日”

15 VERB (光)射向;(影子)投在 When light or shadow falls on something, it covers it. (光)射向;(影子)投在

Nancy, out of the corner of her eye, saw the shadow that suddenly fell across the doorway. [V + across/over/on]

南希从眼角的余光里看见突然有个影子落在门道上。

16 VERB (头发或衣服)垂坠，下垂 If someone's hair or a garment falls in a certain way, it hangs downwards in that way. (头发或衣服)垂坠，下垂

...a slender boy with black hair falling across his forehead. [VERB prep./adv.]

一个身材颀长的男孩儿，黑发垂在额上

17 VERB (目光)落在…上;注意到 If you say that someone's eyes fell on something, you mean they suddenly noticed it. (目光)落在…上;注意到 [written]

As he laid the flowers on the table, his eye fell upon a note in Grace's handwriting. [VERB + on/upon]

他把花放在桌上时，目光落在一张写有格雷斯笔迹的字条上。

18 VERB (夜晚或黑暗)降临，来临 When night or darkness falls, night begins and it becomes dark. (夜晚或黑暗)降临，来临

As darkness fell outside, they sat down to eat at long tables. [VERB]

屋外夜幕降临，他们坐到长桌旁开始吃饭。

19 N-PLURAL; N-IN-NAMES 瀑布 You can refer to a waterfall as the falls . 瀑布

...panoramic views of the falls.

瀑布的全景
...Niagara Falls.

尼亚加拉瀑布

20 N-VAR 秋季;秋天 Fall is the season between summer and winter when the weather becomes cooler. 秋季;秋天

He was elected judge in the fall of 1991.

1991 年秋他当选为法官。
The Supreme Court will not hear the case until next fall.

最高法院将于明年秋开始审理此案。

in BRIT, use 英国英语用 autumn

21 N-PROPER [the NOUN] 人类堕落(基督教中指亚当、夏娃违反戒律，被上帝逐出伊甸园) In the Christian religion, the Fall was the occasion when Adam and Eve sinned and God made them leave the Garden of Eden. 人类堕落(基督教中指亚当、夏娃违反戒律，被上帝逐出伊甸园)

22 N-COUNT (摔跤中)双肩着地;(柔道中)体落 In some sports such as judo and wrestling, a fall is the act of throwing or forcing your opponent to the floor. (摔跤中)双肩着地;(柔道中)体落

23 VERB (板球中，三柱门)失陷(指击球员出局) In cricket, when a wicket falls, the team who are fielding get one of the batsmen out. (板球中，三柱门)失陷(指击球员出局)

The last seven wickets fell for ten runs. [VERB]

最后 7 次三柱门失陷得了10分。

24 See also: fallen

25 PHRASE [VERB inflects, oft PHR at/to n] 偶然打开;意外开启 If something falls open, it opens accidentally. 偶然打开;意外开启

By chance the book beside him fell open to St. Paul's warning to the Romans.

他身旁的书偶然翻开到写着圣保罗对罗马人的告诫那页。
The basket that she was carrying fell open.

她提着的篮子忽然打开了。

26 PHRASE [VERB inflects, oft cont] 卖力;煞费苦心;不遗余力 If you say that people are falling over themselves to do something, you mean that they are very enthusiastic about doing it, and often that you disapprove of this. 卖力;煞费苦心;不遗余力 [informal]

Within days of his death those same people were falling over themselves to denounce him.

他尸骨未寒，还是那些人又大肆谴责起他来。

27 PHRASE fall to pieces (英国英语中作 fall to bits) 同 fall apart To fall to pieces, or in British English to fall to bits, means the same as to fall apart . fall to pieces (英国英语中作 fall to bits) 同 fall apart

At that point the radio handset fell to pieces.

就在那一刻，无线电遥控器摔得粉碎。

28 to fall on your feet→see: foot to fall foul of→see: foul to fall flat→see: flat to fall from grace→see: grace to fall into place→see: place to fall short→see: short to fall into the trap→see: trap to fall by the wayside→see: wayside

29 PHRASAL VERB 散架;垮掉;摔碎 If something falls apart, it breaks into pieces because it is old or badly made. 散架;垮掉;摔碎

The work was never finished and bit by bit the building fell apart.

工程一直没有完工，于是楼一点点地坍塌了。

30 PHRASAL VERB (机构或体系)解散,瓦解 If an organization or system falls apart, it becomes disorganized or unable to work effectively, or breaks up into its different parts. (机构或体系)解散,瓦解

Europe's monetary system is falling apart.

欧洲货币体系正在走向瓦解。
I've tried everything to stop our marriage falling apart.

我已竭尽所能去维系我们的婚姻。

31 PHRASAL VERB (情感上)崩溃，垮掉 If you say that someone is falling apart, you mean that they are becoming emotionally disturbed and are unable to think calmly or to deal with the difficult or unpleasant situation that they are in. (情感上)崩溃，垮掉

I was falling apart. I wasn't getting any sleep.

我要崩溃了，我一直都没合眼。

32 PHRASAL VERB 脱落;分离 If something falls away from the thing it is attached to, it breaks off. 脱落;分离

Officials say that one or two engines fell away from the plane shortly after takeoff.

官员们说飞机起飞后不久就有一两台引擎脱落了。

33 PHRASAL VERB (地面自某处)向下倾斜 If you say that land falls away, you mean it slopes downwards from a particular point. (地面自某处)向下倾斜

On either side of the tracks the ground fell away sharply.

跑道两侧都是很陡的斜坡。

34 PHRASAL VERB (程度)降低，减弱;(数量、规模)减少，减小 If the degree, amount, or size of something falls away, it decreases. (程度)降低，减弱;(数量、规模)减少，减小

His coalition may hold a clear majority but this could quickly fall away.

他的联盟也许会占绝对多数，但这种优势可能会很快丧失。
Demand began to fall away.

需求开始减少。

35 PHRASAL VERB 略微退后;稍稍后退 If you fall back, you move backwards a short distance away from someone or something. 略微退后;稍稍后退

He fell back in embarrassment when he saw that Ross had no hair at all.

看见罗斯的光头，他尴尬地后退了几步。
The congregation fell back from them slightly as they entered.

教堂会众在他们进来时稍稍往后退了退。

36 PHRASAL VERB (军队)撤退，后撤 If an army falls back during a battle or war, it withdraws. (军队)撤退，后撤

The Prussian garrison at Charleroi was falling back.

普鲁士驻沙勒罗瓦的部队正在撤退。

37 PHRASAL VERB 落后;跟不上 If you fall behind, you do not make progress or move forward as fast as other people. 落后;跟不上

Evans had rheumatic fever, missed school and fell behind.

伊万斯得了风湿热，没去上课，功课也落下了。
Boris is falling behind all the top players.

鲍里斯落后于所有顶级选手。

38 PHRASAL VERB (使)不能按时完成(或交付) If you fall behind with something or let it fall behind, you do not do it or produce it when you should, according to an agreement or schedule. (使)不能按时完成(或交付)

He faces losing his home after falling behind with the payments.

他没能按时付款，面临着失去房子的危险。
Thousands of people could die because the relief effort has fallen so far behind.

因救援工作远远没有跟上，数千人可能面临死亡。
Construction work fell behind schedule.

建筑进度落后于工期。

39 →see: fall 2

40 PHRASAL VERB (在…上)薄弱，不尽如人意 If an argument, organization, or person falls down on a particular point, they are weak or unsatisfactory on that point. (在…上)薄弱，不尽如人意

Service was outstandingly friendly and efficient, falling down on only one detail.

服务态度极佳，效率也蛮高，仅在一个小地方不尽人意。
That is where his argument falls down.

这是他论点的薄弱之处。

41 PHRASAL VERB 迷恋;爱上 If you fall for someone, you are strongly attracted to them and start loving them. 迷恋;爱上

He was fantastically handsome — I just fell for him right away.

他帅极了—我一下子就爱上了他。

42 PHRASAL VERB 上…的当;受…的骗;对…信以为真 If you fall for a lie or trick, you believe it or are deceived by it. 上…的当;受…的骗;对…信以为真

It was just a line to get you out here, and you fell for it!

那不过是为了骗你到这儿来的一句谎言，你居然信了！
I told him I would think about it and asked for his telephone number. He didn't fall for that one.

我告诉他我会考虑，然后跟他要电话号码。他并没有上当。

43 PHRASAL VERB (屋顶、天花板)塌陷，坍塌 If a roof or ceiling falls in, it collapses and falls to the ground. (屋顶、天花板)塌陷，坍塌

Part of my bedroom ceiling has fallen in.

我卧室的天花板有些地方塌下来了。

44 PHRASAL VERB 走在…的后面(或身边) If you fall in behind or beside someone who is walking along, you start walking behind them or beside them. 走在…的后面(或身边)

Prentice saw Goss fall in behind the informer.

普伦蒂斯看见戈斯走在密探身后。

45 PHRASAL VERB 赞成，接受(思想、计划、体系) If you fall in with an idea, plan, or system, you accept it and do not try to change it. 赞成，接受(思想、计划、体系)

Carmen's reluctance to fall in with Driver's plans led to trouble.

卡门不愿接受德赖弗的计划，由此引来了麻烦。

46 PHRASAL VERB 与…来往密切 If you fall in with someone, you become friends with them and start seeing them a lot. 与…来往密切

At university, Taylor had fallen in with a small clique of literature students.

在大学里，泰勒曾经频繁参与一个文学小团体的活动。

47 PHRASAL VERB (从接合处)脱落，掉落 If something falls off, it separates from the thing to which it was attached and moves towards the ground. (从接合处)脱落，掉落

When your exhaust falls off, you have to replace it.

如果你的排气管脱落，应将其更换。

48 PHRASAL VERB (程度)降低，减弱;(数量、规模)减少 If the degree, amount, or size of something falls off, it decreases. (程度)降低，减弱;(数量、规模)减少

Unemployment is rising again and retail buying has fallen off.

失业率再次上升，零售品购买量下降。

49See also:falling-off

50 PHRASAL VERB (头发、牙齿)掉落，脱落 If something such as a person's hair or a tooth falls out, it comes out. (头发、牙齿)掉落，脱落

Her hair started falling out as a result of radiation treatment.

由于放疗，她开始掉头发。

51 PHR-V-RECIP (与…)争吵，失和 If you fall out with someone, you have an argument and stop being friendly with them. You can also say that two people fall out . (与…)争吵，失和

She fell out with her husband.

她与丈夫闹翻了。
Mum and I used to fall out a lot.

我和妈妈过去经常争吵。

52 See also: fallout

53 PHRASAL VERB (责任、职责、机会)落到…的头上;应由…做 If a responsibility, duty, or opportunity falls to someone, it becomes their responsibility, duty, or opportunity. (责任、职责、机会)落到…的头上;应由…做

He's been very unlucky that no chances have fallen to him.

他很不走运，机会一次也没有落到他头上。
It fell to me to get rid of them.

由我来负责摆脱他们。

54 PHRASAL VERB 开始(做…) If someone falls to doing something, they start doing it. 开始(做…)

When she had departed, they fell to fighting among themselves.

她走后，他们便互相打了起来。

Phrasal verbs:

fall about fall apart fall away fall back fall back on fall behind fall down fall for fall in fall into fall in with fall off fall on fall out fall over fall through fall to

Thesaurus

fall Also look up:

VERB.

fall down, plunge, topple over 1 2

come down 3

drop, plunge; (ant.) increase, rise 6

Trends of fall

View usage for:All yearsLast 10 yearsLast 50 yearsLast 100 yearsLast 300 years

IELTS BNC: 332 COCA: 410

fall

noun¹

accident意外事故

ADJECTIVE | VERB + FALL | PREPOSITION

ADJECTIVE

➤bad, nasty, terrible摔得厲害；摔得不輕；重重摔了一跤

◇She took a bad fall while out riding.她外出騎馬時重重摔了一跤。

➤accidental意外跌倒

VERB + FALL

➤have, suffer, take摔倒

◇The doctor says she's had a very nasty fall.醫生說她摔得很重。

➤break, cushion緩解摔倒時的衝擊力

◇Luckily a bush broke his fall.幸運的是，他掉落時有灌木擋了一下。

➤survive跌落但幸存

◇The chances of surviving a fall under a train are almost nil.掉到火車下面而幸免於難的可能性幾乎為零。

➤prevent防止摔倒

PREPOSITION

➤in a/the fall因摔跤

◇He was hurt in a fall at his home yesterday.昨天他在家摔了一跤，受傷了。

➤fall from從⋯摔下

◇She broke her neck in a fall from a horse.她從馬上摔下，扭斷了脖子。

fall

noun²

of snow/rocks雪；岩石

ADJECTIVE | PREPOSITION

ADJECTIVE

➤heavy大量的降落

▸➤light少量的降落

▸➤fresh剛下的雪

◇a fresh fall of snow新下的一場雪

➤rock, snow (usually snowfall) 岩崩；降雪

PREPOSITION

➤fall of落下的⋯

◇covered by a light fall of volcanic ash被落下的一層薄薄的火山灰覆蓋着

fall

noun³

decrease減少

ADJECTIVE | VERB + FALL | FALL + VERB | PREPOSITION

ADJECTIVE

➤big, dramatic, great, large, marked, massive, significant, substantial大幅的／急劇的／大量的／很大的／顯著的／大範圍的／明顯的／實質性的下降

◇a big fall in house prices房價的大幅下降

◇This triggered the recent dramatic falls on the Tokyo stock exchange.這引發了最近東京證券交易所股票的大幅度下跌。

➤modest, slight, small適度的／略微的／少量的下降

▸➤steady穩步的下降

▸➤rapid, sharp, steep, sudden快速的／急劇的／猛烈的／突然的下降

➤unexpected出人意料的下降

▸➤continuing, further持續的／進一步的下降

▸➤overall

(especially BrE)

全面下降

▸➤catastrophic災難性的下跌

VERB + FALL

➤bring, cause, contribute to, lead to, trigger導致下跌；引起下跌；促成下跌；造成下降；引發下降

▸➤see, suffer看到／有所下跌

◇Share prices suffered a slight fall yesterday.昨天股價略有下跌。

➤record, reveal, show記錄／顯露／表明下降

◇The opinion polls show a significant fall in her popularity.民意調查顯示她的支持率明顯降低。

➤report報告下降

◇Both companies reported a fall in profits in the first quarter of this year.兩家公司都報告說今年第一季度利潤有所下降。

➤represent (especially BrE) 表示下降

◇This figure represents a fall of 21% on the same period last year.這一數字表明與去年同期相比下降了 21%。

FALL + VERB

➤occur下降出現

◇The fall in age at first marriage occurred during the second half of the 18th century.初婚年齡下降出現在 18 世紀下半葉。

PREPOSITION

➤fall in在⋯方面的下降

◇a large fall in share prices股票價格的大幅度下跌

fall

noun⁴

defeat失敗

VERB + FALL | PREPOSITION | PHRASES

VERB + FALL

➤bring about, cause, contribute to, lead to導致／引起／促成／使走向衰敗

◇the actions that led to his eventual fall from power導致他最終下台的行動

PREPOSITION

➤fall from從⋯垮台

PHRASES

➤the rise and fall of sth⋯的興衰

◇a book charting the rise and fall of the Habsburg Empire講述哈布斯堡帝國興衰的一本書

fall

noun⁵

(NAmE)

autumn秋季

ADJECTIVE | FALL + NOUN

ADJECTIVE

➤last, this past剛過去的秋天；剛過去的這個秋天

▸➤the following, next, this, this coming接下來的／下一個／這個／即將到來的這個秋天

➤early, late初秋；晚秋

FALL + NOUN

➤weather秋天的天氣

➤color秋色

◇The trees were on fire with vibrant fall colors.樹木呈現出鮮明的秋日色彩，層林盡染，像一團火。

➤foliage秋日的樹葉

◇New England's gorgeous fall foliage新英格蘭絢麗的秋葉

➤harvest秋季的收成

➤equinox秋分

➤semester, term秋季學期

◇He returned to school a month into the fall semester.他在秋季學期開始後一個月重返校園。

➡ note at

season

(for more collocates)

fall

verb¹

drop to the ground落下

ADVERB | VERB + FALL | PREPOSITION

ADVERB

➤heavily重重落下

◇She fell heavily to the ground.她重重地摔倒在地。

➤steadily不斷地落下

◇The rain was falling steadily.雨一直在下。

➤freely自由下落

◇Tears fell freely from her eyes.她任由淚水奪眶而出。

➤limply無力地落下

◇Her hands fell limply to her sides.她雙手無力地垂在身旁。

➤down, off, overboard跌落；摔下；從船邊跌下

◇A tile fell off the roof.一片瓦從房簷上落下。

◇He fell overboard in heavy seas.他從船上掉進了波濤洶湧的大海中。

VERB + FALL

➤be about to將要落下

▸➤let sb/sth讓⋯落下

◇She lifted her arm, but then let it fall.她抬起手臂，然後又放了下來。

PREPOSITION

➤from從⋯摔下

◇He fell from the fourth floor.他從四層樓上摔了下來。

➤into掉入⋯

◇One of the kids fell into the river.其中一個孩子掉進了河裏。

➤on落在⋯上

◇the snow falling on the fields落在田野中的雪

➤onto落在⋯上

◇Loose bricks were falling down onto the ground.鬆脫的磚塊正往地上掉。

➤to掉在⋯上

◇The plate fell to the floor.盤子掉在了地板上。

fall

verb²

suddenly stop standing跌倒

ADVERB | VERB + FALL | PHRASES

ADVERB

➤almost, nearly幾乎／差點兒跌倒

◇He stumbled and almost fell.他絆了一下，幾乎摔倒。

➤headlong一頭栽下去

◇She fell headlong, with a cry of alarm.她驚叫一聲，一頭栽了下去。

➤down, over跌倒；跌下

◇One of the children fell over.其中一個孩子跌倒了。

➤backwards/backward, forward向後／向前跌倒

VERB + FALL

➤be about to將要倒下

◇The house looked as if it was about to fall down.這座房子看上去搖搖欲墜。

PHRASES

➤stumble and fall, trip and fall絆倒

fall

verb³

decrease降低

ADVERB | VERB + FALL | PREPOSITION

ADVERB

➤dramatically, rapidly, sharply, significantly, steeply大幅／迅速／猛烈／顯著／急劇下降

◇The price of coal fell sharply.煤炭價格急劇下跌。

➤slightly略微下降

▸➤steadily穩步下降

VERB + FALL

➤be expected to, be likely to有望／很可能下跌

◇Demand is likely to fall by some 15%.需求有可能下降 15% 左右。

➤continue to繼續下跌

PREPOSITION

➤below下降到⋯以下

◇Winter temperatures never fall below 10°C.冬天氣溫從來沒有低於 10 攝氏度。

➤by下降幅度為⋯

◇Expenditure on education fell by 10% last year.去年教育支出下降了 10%。

➤from從⋯下降

◇The number of people unemployed has fallen from two million to just over one and a half million.失業人數已從 200 萬下降到 150 多一點兒。

➤to降至⋯

◇Her voice fell to a whisper.她的聲音變小，成了耳語。

fall

verb⁴

belong to a group屬於某類

ADVERB | PREPOSITION

ADVERB

➤squarely完全屬於某一類別

PREPOSITION

➤into屬於⋯範圍

◇Out of over 400 staff there are just 14 that fall into this category.400 多位員工中只有 14 位屬於這一類別。

➤outside不在⋯範圍

◇That topic falls outside the scope of this thesis.那個論題偏離了這篇論文論述的範圍。

➤under歸入⋯項下

◇This falls under the heading of scientific research.這屬於科學研究的領域。

➤within屬於⋯範圍

◇This case falls squarely within the committee's jurisdiction.這件事情完全在該委員會的管轄範圍之內。

IELTS BNC: 332 COCA: 410

fall verb
⇨ fall 1 (the temperature falls) ⇨ fall 2 (fall into the river) ⇨ fall 3 (slip and fall on the ice) ⇨ rain (rain/snow falls)fall noun
⇨ overthrow (the rise and fall of the Roman Empire) ⇨ reduction (a fall in popularity)fall

verb

the temperature falls 温度下降

fall into the river 掉进河里

slip and fall on the ice 在冰上滑一跤

➡ See also the entry for

slump

另见slump条

fall

♦︎

decline

♦︎

drop

♦︎

diminish

♦︎

decrease

♦︎

sink

♦︎

come downThese are all words that can be used when the amount, level or number of sth goes down. 这些词均表示数量减少或程度下降。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆to fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease / sink / come down by 100, 25%, a half, etc.

◆to fall / decline / drop / decrease / sink / come down from 15 000 to 1 000

◆to decline / diminish / decrease / come down in number, level, size, etc.

◆to decline / diminish / decrease with age, time, experience, etc.

◆numbers fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease / come down

◆levels fall / decline / drop / decrease

◆prices / rates fall / decline / drop / decrease / sink / come down

◆profits / sales fall / decline / drop / decrease / sink

◆the temperature falls / drops

◆sb's voice falls / drops / sinks

◆to fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease / sink sharply / rapidly

◆to fall / decline / drop / decrease dramatically / suddenly

◆to fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease slightly / slowly / gradually / steadily

■ fall

(

fell

, fallen

)

[intransitive

, transitive]

to become lower or less in level, number or strength （数量）减少；（水平）下降；（强度）减小

◆Their profits have fallen by 30 per cent.他们的利润减少了30%。

◆The temperature fell sharply in the night.夜间温度陡降。

◆Falling birth rates could have an impact on future economic growth.下降的出生率可能会对未来的经济增长产生影响。

◆

(written)

Her voice fell to a whisper.她的声音变小，成了耳语。

◆Share prices fell 30p.股价下跌了30便士。

OPP

rise ⇨

rise

see also

fall ⇨

reduction

noun

■ decline

dɪˈklaɪn

[intransitive]

(rather formal,

especially written)

to become lower or less in level, number, size, strength or importance （水平、数量、大小、强度或重要性）减少，下降，衰退

◆The number of tourists visiting the resort declined by 10% last year.去年到这个胜地旅游的人数减少了10%。

◆Manufacturing industry has slowly declined in importance.制造业已慢慢变得不如从前那么重要了。

OPP

increase ⇨

rise

see also

decline ⇨

reduction

noun

■ drop

(

-pp-

)

[intransitive]

(not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时)

to become lower or less in level, number or strength （数量）减少；（水平）下降；（强度）减小

◆The Dutch team have dropped to fifth place.荷兰队已降至第五名。

◆At last the wind dropped.风势终于减弱了。

OPP

rise

climb ⇨

rise

see also

drop ⇨

reduction

noun

NOTE 辨析 Fall, decline or drop?In many cases you can use any of these words. 这些词在很多情况下可以通用

◆Sales have fallen / declined / dropped by 20%.销售额下降了20%。

They can all be used to talk about numbers, levels, rates, prices, profits and sales. To talk about a loss of economic strength in a particular place or industry, use decline. 这些词均可描述数量、水平、比率、价格、利润和销售额。描述特定地方或行业的经济实力衰退用decline

◆The area / city / industry / market / sector has declined (in importance).该地区／城市／行业／市场／领域（的重要性）降低了。

You can also use decline to talk about support for or interest in sth, or a person's health. A person's voice can fall or drop. Temperatures fall or drop. The wind can only drop. Things can fall or decline over a period of time, but drop cannot be used in the progressive tenses. * decline还可表示对事物的支持减少、兴趣下降或人的健康状况恶化。人的声音变小或温度下降用fall或drop均可。风势减弱只能用drop。fall和decline均可指在一段时间内减少、下降，而drop不能用于进行时

◆Sales have been falling / declining.销售额一直在下降。

◆falling / declining sales下降的销售额

◆Sales have been dropping.

◆dropping sales

■ diminish

dɪˈmɪnɪʃ

[intransitive]

(rather formal,

especially written)

to become lower or less in number, amount or strength （数目、数量或强度）减少，下降，变弱

◆The world's resources are rapidly diminishing.世界的资源正在迅速减少。

◆His influence has diminished with time.随着时间的推移，他的影响已不如从前了。

◆Our efforts were producing diminishing returns (= we achieved less although we spent more time or money).我们加大了投入，收益却在递减。

ⓘ Numbers and amounts of sth can diminish, but figures, rates, levels, profits and sales cannot. * diminish可与number和amount搭配，指数量减少，但不能表示数字、比率、水平、利润和销售额下降。

OPP

enhance ⇨

improve

■ decrease

[intransitive]

(rather formal)

to fall in number or level （数量）减少；（水平）下降

◆The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.今年新生人数从210减少到160。

◆The number of quarrels among children decreases with age (= the older they are, the fewer quarrels they have).儿童间争吵的次数随着年龄增长而减少。

OPP

increase ⇨

rise

see also

decrease ⇨

reduction

noun

■ sink

(

sank

, sunk

)

[intransitive]

(~~especially business 尤用于商业~~)

to fall in value or strength （价值或强度）降低，减弱

◆The pound has sunk to its lowest recorded level against the dollar.英镑对美元的比价已降到历史新低。

◆His voice sank almost to a whisper.他的声音渐低，几乎成了耳语。

OPP

rise ⇨

rise

■ ˌcome ˈdown

phrasal verb

(

came

, come

)

(especially of prices) to fall in level （尤指价格）下降，降低

◆The price of gas is coming down.煤气价格在下跌。

◆Gas is coming down in price.煤气价格在下跌。

OPP

go up ⇨

rise

fall

verb

the temperature falls 温度下降

fall into the river 掉进河里

slip and fall on the ice 在冰上滑一跤

fall

♦︎

go down (sth)

♦︎

come down (sth)

♦︎

descend

♦︎

drop

♦︎

sink

♦︎

crash

♦︎

tumble

♦︎

topple

♦︎

plungeThese words all mean to move downwards, especially suddenly and/or by accident. 这些词均表示落下，尤指突然或意外地掉落、跌落。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆to fall / go / come / drop / sink / crash / tumble down

◆to go down / come down / descend the stairs / steps

◆to go down / come down / descend a ladder

◆to fall / plunge to your death

■ fall

(

fell

, fallen

)

[intransitive]

(usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用)

to go from a higher place to a lower place, especially suddenly and/or by accident （尤指突然或意外地）落下，掉落，跌落

◆Several of the books had fallen onto the floor.这些书有几本掉到了地上。

◆One of the kids fell into the river.其中有一个小孩掉进了河里。

◆September had come and the leaves were starting to fall.已到9月了，树叶开始凋落。

◆He fell 23 metres onto the rocks below.他掉到下面23米处的岩石上。

▸

fall

noun

[countable]

◆She was killed in a fall from a horse.她从马背上掉下来摔死了。

■ ˌgo ˈdown sth

■ ˌgo ˈdown

phrasal verb

(

goes

, went

, gone

)

to move from a higher place to a lower place; to fall to the ground 向下移动；落下；倒在地上

◆I've been going up and down the stairs all day.我一整天都在楼梯上跑来跑去的。

◆The sun went down below the horizon.太阳落到了地平线下。

◆She tripped and went down with a bump.她绊了一下，重重地摔倒在地上。

OPP

go up (sth) ⇨

climb

■ ˌcome ˈdown sth

■ ˌcome ˈdown

phrasal verb

(

came

, come

)

to move from a higher place to a lower place; to break and fall to the ground 向下移动；崩塌；坍塌

◆She came down the steps two at a time.她一步跨两级地走下台阶。

◆The ceiling came down with a terrific crash.随着一声可怕的巨响，天花板塌了下来。

OPP

go up (sth) ⇨

climb

NOTE 辨析 Go down or come down? Go is usually used from the point of view of the person who is moving somewhere. Come is usually used from the point of view of the person or place that sb/sth is moving to or towards. * go通常是从行进者的角度出发，come通常是从目的地的角度出发。

■ descend

dɪˈsend

[intransitive

, transitive]

(formal)

to go down from a higher place to a lower place 下去；下降

◆The plane began to descend.飞机开始降落。

◆She descended the stairs slowly.她缓慢地走下楼梯。

OPP

ascend ⇨

climb

▸

descent

noun

[countable

, usually singular]

◆The plane began its descent to Heathrow.飞机开始向希思罗机场降落。

■ drop

(

-pp-

)

[intransitive]

to fall by accident; to fall or sit down, especially because you are no longer able to stand （意外地）落下，掉下；（尤指因无法再站立而）倒下，坐下

◆The climber slipped and dropped to his death.那个攀登者一失足掉下去摔死了。

◆He staggered in and dropped into a chair.他摇摇晃晃地走了进来，一屁股坐在椅子上。

■ sink

(

sank

, sunk

)

[intransitive]

(usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用)

(of a person) to move downwards, especially by falling or sitting down; (of an object) to move slowly downwards （人）倒下，坐下；（物体）下沉，下陷

◆She sank back into her seat.她坐回椅子上。

◆The old man had sunk to his knees.老头跪了下去。

◆The foundations of the building are starting to sink.楼房的地基开始下陷。

■ crash

[intransitive]

(usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用)

to hit sth hard while moving, causing noise and/or damage 猛撞；碰撞

◆A brick crashed through the window.砖块哗啦一声砸穿了窗户。

◆With a sweep of his hand he sent the glasses crashing to the floor.他一挥手把眼镜碰到地上摔碎了。

◆The door crashed open.门砰的一声给砸开了。

■ tumble

[intransitive]

to fall suddenly and in a dramatic way 倒塌；坍塌

◆The scaffolding came tumbling down.脚手架突然坍塌。

▸

tumble

noun

[countable

, usually singular]

◆The jockey took a nasty tumble at the third fence.骑师在第三道栅栏处重重摔下马来。

■ topple

[intransitive]

(always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用)

to become unsteady and fall down （失去平衡而）坠落，倒塌，倒下

◆The pile of books toppled over.那摞书倒了。

■ plunge

[intransitive]

(always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用)

to move suddenly forwards and/or downwards 突然前冲（或下落）

◆She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death.她没有站稳，从100英尺的高处跌下摔死了。

fall

verb

the temperature falls 温度下降

fall into the river 掉进河里

slip and fall on the ice 在冰上滑一跤

fall

♦︎

fall over

♦︎

stumble

♦︎

trip

♦︎

fall downThese words all mean to stop standing suddenly. 这些词均表示突然倒下、跌倒。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆to stumble / trip over sth

■ fall

(

fell

, fallen

)

(usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用)

[intransitive]

(especially written)

to suddenly stop standing 突然倒下；跌倒

◆She slipped and fell on the ice.她在冰上滑了一跤。

■ ˌfall ˈover

phrasal verb

(

fell

, fallen

)

(especially spoken)

to suddenly stop standing 突然倒下；跌倒

◆I fell over and cut my knee.我跌倒划破了膝盖。

■ stumble

[intransitive]

to hit your foot against sth while you are walking or running and fall or almost fall 绊脚

◆The child stumbled and fell.孩子绊了一下，摔倒了。

◆I stumbled over a rock.我在石头上绊了一下。

■ trip

(

-pp-

)

[intransitive]

(usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用)

to catch your foot on sth and fall or almost fall 绊；绊倒

◆Someone will trip over that cable.有人会让那条电缆绊倒的。

◆Be careful you don't trip up on the step.你小心别在台阶上绊倒了。

■ ˌfall ˈdown

phrasal verb

(

fell

, fallen

)

to suddenly stop standing 突然倒下；跌倒

◆The house looked as if it was about to fall down.那座房子看起来摇摇欲坠。

NOTE 辨析 Fall, fall over or fall down? Fall and fall over are only used to talk about people in this meaning; fall down can be used to talk about people, buildings, or other structures that can stand and then suddenly stop standing. Fall is used more in writing. In British English fall over is used more in speech. In American English fall down is used more in speech. * fall和fall over表达此义时只用于人，fall down可用于人、建筑物或其他可以直立而又突然倒下的结构体。fall多用于书面语。fall over多用于英式英语的口语。 fall down多用于美式英语的口语。