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BNC: 2 COCA: 2
be
bi biː biː bɪ bi bɪ
Word forms: 1st person singular present tense am/ WEAK əm, STRONG æm/, 2nd person singular present tense , 3rd person singular present tense are/ WEAK əʳ, STRONG ɑːʳ/, 3rd person singular present tense is, present participle being, 1st person singular past tense was/ WEAK wəz, STRONG wɒz/, 2nd person singular past tense were/ WEAK wəʳ, STRONG wɜːʳ/, past participle been/ WEAK bɪn, STRONG biːn/

AUXILIARY VERB USES 助动词用法

  • In spoken English, forms of be are often shortened, for example ‘I am’ is shortened to ‘I'm’ and ‘was not’ is shortened to ‘wasn't’.

    在英语口语中，be经常使用缩合形式。如，I am 略作 I'm, was not 略作 wasn't。

1 AUX （和现在分词连用构成动词的进行式） You use be with a present participle to form the continuous tenses of verbs. be going to→see: going  （和现在分词连用构成动词的进行式）

  • This is happening in every school throughout the country. [AUX -ing]

    全国各地每所学校都在发生这样的事情。

  • She didn't always think carefully about what she was doing. [AUX -ing]

    她对自己在做的事情并不总是考虑得很清楚。

  • Pratt & Whitney has announced that it will be making further job reductions. [AUX -ing]

    普惠公司宣布将进一步裁员。

  • He had only been trying to help. [AUX -ing]

    他只是想尽力帮忙。

  • He's doing better than I am. [AUX]

    他现在混得比我好。

2 AUX （和过去分词连用构成被动语态） You use be with a past participle to form the passive voice. （和过去分词连用构成被动语态）

  • Forensic experts were called in. [AUXILIARY -ed]

    法医专家被请来。

  • Her husband was killed in a car crash. [AUXILIARY -ed]

    她的丈夫死于车祸。

  • The cost of electricity from coal-fired stations is expected to fall. [AUXILIARY -ed]

    用煤作燃料的火力发电站的成本有望降低。

  • Similar action is being taken by the US government.

    美国政府正在采取相似的行动。

3 AUX （和不定式连用表示将来的安排或确定会发生的事情） You use be with an infinitive to indicate that something is planned to happen, that it will definitely happen, or that it must happen. be about to→see: about  （和不定式连用表示将来的安排或确定会发生的事情）

  • The talks are to begin tomorrow. [AUX to-inf]

    谈判将于明天开始。

  • It was to be Johnson's first meeting with the board in nearly a month. [AUX to-inf]

    这将是近一个月来约翰逊首次和董事会碰面。

  • You must take the whole project more seriously if you are to succeed. [AUX to-inf]

    如果你想成功的话，你必须更认真地对待整个项目。

  • You are to answer to Brian, to take your orders from him. [AUX to-inf]

    你需要向布赖恩汇报，听从他的指挥。

4 AUX （和不定式连用表示在某种情况下会发生什么事，应该怎样做或应该由谁来做） You use be with an infinitive to say or ask what should happen or be done in a particular situation, how it should happen, or who should do it. （和不定式连用表示在某种情况下会发生什么事，应该怎样做或应该由谁来做）

  • What am I to do without him?. [AUX to-inf]

    没有他，我该怎么办？

  • Who is to say which of them had more power?. [AUX to-inf]

    谁来决定他们之中谁的权力应该更大一些？

  • What is to be done?. [AUX to-inf]

    应该怎么做？

  • Professor Hirsch is to be commended for bringing the state of our educational system to public notice. [AUX to-inf]

    在赫希教授的努力下，我们教育体系的现状引起了公众关注，为此对他应该给予嘉许。

5 AUX （was和were和不定式连用，表示说话时间之后发生的事） You use was and were with an infinitive to talk about something that happened later than the time you are discussing, and was not planned or certain at that time. （was和were和不定式连用，表示说话时间之后发生的事）

  • Then he received a phone call that was to change his life. [AUX to-inf]

    然后，他接到一个将改变他一生的电话。

  • A few hours later he was to prove it. [AUX to-inf]

    几个小时之后他将证明这一点。

6 AUX （表示可见到、可听到、可发现等） You can say that something is to be seen, heard, or found in a particular place to mean that people can see it, hear it, or find it in that place. （表示可见到、可听到、可发现等）

  • Little traffic was to be seen on the streets. [AUXILIARY -ed]

    街上车辆很少。

  • They are to be found all over the world. [AUXILIARY -ed]

    它们遍布于世界各地。

Trends of be
View usage for:All yearsLast 10 yearsLast 50 yearsLast 100 yearsLast 300 years

OTHER VERB USES 其他动词用法

See also: be-

BNC: 2 COCA: 2
BNC: 2 COCA: 2
be verb
⇨ be (Three and three is six.) ⇨ cost (How much is that dress?) be

linking verb

be ♦︎ total ♦︎ equal ♦︎ add up to sth ♦︎ amount to sth ♦︎ number ♦︎ run to sthThese words all mean to reach a particular number or amount when all numbers/amounts have been added together. 这些词均表示总计、总和等于。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be / total / equal / add up to / amount to / number / run to 50 / 2 million, etc.◆to be / total / equal / add up to / amount to / run to $250 / 75%◆to be / total / add up to / amount to / number / run to about / around / approximately sth◆to be / total / add up to / amount to / number / run to nearly / almost / over / more than / at least sth◆to be / total / add up to / amount to / number fewer than / no more than sth◆to be / total / add up to / amount to less than sth◆to total / amount to / number / run to some 50, 300, pages, pieces, etc.◆profits / scores total / add up to / amount to sth◆income totals / adds up to / amounts to sth◆a / an group / crowd / army totals / numbers 25, 1000, etc.■ be to be the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as sth else （大小、数量、价值等）与⋯相等，等于◆Three and three is six.三加三等于六。◆How much is a thousand pounds in euros?一千英镑合多少欧元？◆Let x be the sum of a and b.设x为a加b之和。■ total (-ll-, NAmE -l-) (especially business 尤用于商业) to reach a particular number or amount when added together 总数达；共计◆Imports totalled $1.5 billion last year.去年的进口总额达15亿元。◆In 2005-6, college enrolments totalled some 5 400.2005至2006学年大学招生总数约为5 400人。   see also total ⇨ whole adj. ■ equal (-ll-, NAmE -l-)to be the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as sth else （大小、数量、价值等）与⋯相等，等于◆2x plus y equals 7 (2x+y=7) 2x加y等于7。◆A metre equals 39.38 inches.1米等于39.38英寸。   see also equal ⇨ equal adj. NOTE 辨析 Be or equal?In some cases you can use either word. 在有些情况下这两个词可以通用◆Three and three is / equals six.三加三等于六。◆Let x be / equal the sum of a and b.设x为a加b之和。However, equal is not usually used in questions. 不过，equal通常不用于疑问句中◆How much does a thousand pounds equal in Euros? It is slightly more formal than be and is usually only used in exact sums. * equal比be稍正式，通常只用于表示确切的数目◆A metre is about / around / approximately 40 inches.1米约等于40英寸。◆A metre equals about/around/approximately 40 inches. ■ ˌadd ˈup to sth

phrasal verb

to make a total amount or number of sth 总共是；总计为◆The numbers add up to exactly 100.这些数字的总和恰好是100。◆Their earnings were £250, £300 and £420, adding up to a total of £970.他们的收入分别是250英镑、300英镑和420英镑，共计970英镑。■ aˈmount to sth

phrasal verb

to reach a particular number or amount when added together 总计为；共计◆His earnings are said to amount to £300 000 per annum.据说他每年的酬金高达30万英镑。■ number to make a particular number when added together 总计；共计；数以⋯计◆The crowd numbered more than a thousand.聚集的人群共计一千多人。◆We numbered 20 (= there were 20 of us in the group).我们总共20人。NOTE 辨析 Total, add up to sth, amount to sth or number? Add up to and number can be used to emphasize the process of calculating a total through mathematics or counting; total and amount to sth focus more on the number/amount rather than the process of arriving at the result. Total and amount to sth are used especially in business writing when describing the performance of a company or industry. Number usually has people as the subject of the sentence; total is the only other verb that can be used like this. * add up to和number强调通过计算得出总数的过程； total和amount to sth更着重于得出的数目或数量，而非计算的过程。total和amount to sth尤用于描述公司或产业业绩的商业写作中。number的主语通常是人，本组同义词中只有total也可这么用◆The crew totalled / numbered sixteen.机组人员共计十六人。◆The crew added up to/amounted to sixteen. ■ ˈrun to sth

phrasal verb

to be of a particular size or amount, especially when this is surprisingly large 达到，有（尤指惊人的规模或数量）◆The book runs to nearly 800 pages.这本书有近800页。◆The cost of repairing damaged roads alone will run to £1 million.单是修复损毁道路的花费就将达到100万英镑。
BNC: 2 COCA: 2
be
Auxiliary verbs: be, do, have...
Linking verbs: appear, be, become...
To exist: exist, operate, live...

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