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TOEFL BNC: 1135 COCA: 1741
hardly
hɑːʳdli ˈhɑrdli
1 ADV-BRD-NEG [ADVERB before verb] （用于修正作出的陈述，表示不大可能）几乎不，几乎没有 You use hardly to modify a statement when you want to emphasize that it is only a small amount or detail which makes it true, and that therefore it is best to consider the opposite statement as being true. （用于修正作出的陈述，表示不大可能）几乎不，几乎没有 [emphasis]

  • I hardly know you.

    我不太认识你。

  • Nick, on the sofa, hardly slept.

    尼克在沙发上几乎没睡。

  • He was given hardly 24 hours to pack his bags.

    只给了他不到24小时的时间来打点行装。

  • Their two faces were hardly more than eighteen inches apart.

    他俩的脸相隔还不到18英寸。

SYN barely, only just, scarcely, just
2 ADV-BRD-NEG 几乎不;几乎没有 You use hardly in expressions such as hardly ever ,hardly any, and hardly anyone to mean almost never, almost none, or almost no-one. 几乎不;几乎没有

  • We ate chips every night, but hardly ever had fish. [+ ever]

    我们每晚吃炸薯条，但几乎从不吃鱼。

  • Most of the others were so young they had hardly any experience. [+ any]

    其他人大多都很年轻，几乎没什么经验。

  • Hardly anyone slept that night.

    那天晚上几乎没人睡觉。

3 ADV-BRD-NEG [ADVERB n] （用在否定句中构成双重否定，用于强调某事属实或经常发生）几乎不 You use hardly before a negative statement in order to emphasize that something is usually true or usually happens. （用在否定句中构成双重否定，用于强调某事属实或经常发生）几乎不 [emphasis]

  • Hardly a day goes by without a visit from someone.

    几乎每天都有人来。

4 ADV-BRD-NEG （用于can之后，表示强调）很难 When you say you can hardly do something, you are emphasizing that it is very difficult for you to do it. （用于can之后，表示强调）很难 [emphasis]

  • I can hardly believe it's been over eight years since you used to go camping at Cedar Creek.

    我几乎无法相信现在距离你过去常常去松溪露营的日子已经有8年多了。

  • My garden was covered with so many butterflies that I could hardly see the flowers.

    我的花园里飞舞着很多蝴蝶，我几乎看不见花了。

SYN only just, just, only, barely
5 ADV-BRD-NEG [ADVERB before verb] （表示两件事情紧接着发生）刚刚，才 If you say hardly had one thing happened when something else happened, you mean that the first event was followed immediately by the second. （表示两件事情紧接着发生）刚刚，才

  • He had hardly collected the papers on his desk when the door burst open.

    他刚收起桌上的文件，门就猛地开了。

  • Hardly had he returned to London when an anonymous well-wisher called to say he was about to be raided by Customs & Excise.

    他刚回到伦敦，就有一个不愿透露姓名的好心人打来电话说，他即将面临海关的突击检查。

6 ADV-BRD-NEG [ADVERB before verb] （表示希望听者或读者赞同自己）并不，丝毫不 You use hardly to mean 'not' when you want to suggest that you are expecting your listener or reader to agree with your comment. （表示希望听者或读者赞同自己）并不，丝毫不

  • We have not seen the letter, so we can hardly comment on it.

    我们还没有看到这封信，所以无从发表意见。

  • It's hardly surprising his ideas didn't catch on.

    他的想法没有被广泛接受，这并不足为奇。

  • The growth rate for 1980-89 was 2.2%. Hardly the stuff of economic miracles.

    1980至1989年间的经济增长率是2.2%，算不上什么经济奇迹。

SYN not at all, not, no way, by no means
7 CONVENTION （尤用于对不赞同的说法表示惊奇或不满）不可能，不会吧 You use 'hardly' to mean 'no', especially when you want to express surprise or annoyance at a statement that you disagree with. （尤用于对不赞同的说法表示惊奇或不满）不可能，不会吧 [spoken]

  • 'They all thought you were marvellous!' —'Well, hardly.'.

    “他们都认为你很棒！”“哦，不可能吧！”

  • 'We could almost have seen it,' — 'Hardly, darling — in the dark and from a distance of a good hundred feet?'

    “我们几乎都看到它了。”“不会吧，亲爱的—天那么黑，离得又至少有100英尺呢！”

Usage
Usagehardly and hard
Hardly is not the adverb form of hard. Hard is used for both the adjective: The test was very hard. and the adverb: The staff worked hard. However, to say: 'The staff hardly worked'. means that they did not work hard. The adverbs hardly and hard mean just about the opposite of each other.
Trends of hardly
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