1 SUFFIX （加在多数短形容词后构成比较级，也可以加在某些不是以-ly结尾的副词后构成比较级）表示“更…”，“较…” You add -er to many short adjectives to form comparatives. For example, the comparative of 'nice' is 'nicer'; the comparative of 'happy' is 'happier'. You also add it to some adverbs that do not end in -ly. For example, the comparative of 'soon' is 'sooner'. （加在多数短形容词后构成比较级，也可以加在某些不是以-ly结尾的副词后构成比较级）表示“更…”，“较…”

2 SUFFIX （加在动词后构成名词）表示“做…的人（或事、动物）” You add -er to verbs to form nouns which refer to a person, animal, or thing that does the action described by the verb; for example a 'reader' is someone who reads and a 'money-saver' is something that saves money. （加在动词后构成名词）表示“做…的人（或事、动物）”

3 SUFFIX （加在某些词之后构成名词）表示“与…有关之人” You add -er to words to form nouns which refer to a person who is associated or involved with the thing described by the word; for example a 'pensioner' is someone who is entitled to a pension. （加在某些词之后构成名词）表示“与…有关之人”

4 SUFFIX （加在名词后构成名词或形容词）表示“具有…特征之物” You add -er to nouns to form nouns or adjectives which refer to things with a particular characteristic or feature; for example a 'three-wheeler' is a vehicle with three wheels. （加在名词后构成名词或形容词）表示“具有…特征之物”

5 SUFFIX （加在某些词之后构成名词）表示“做…工作的人”，“从事…职业的人” You add -er to words to form nouns which refer to a person with a particular job. For example, someone who works in a mine is a 'miner'. （加在某些词之后构成名词）表示“做…工作的人”，“从事…职业的人”

6 SUFFIX （加在地名之后构成名词）表示“…地方的人”，“来自…的人” You add -er to the names of some places to form nouns which refer to a person who comes from that place. For example, someone who comes from London is a 'Londoner'. （加在地名之后构成名词）表示“…地方的人”，“来自…的人”