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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
scratch
skrætʃ skrætʃ skrætʃ
Word forms: plural , 3rd person singular present tense scratches, present participle scratching, past tense , past participle scratched
1 VERB 给…搔痒;给…挠痒 If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching. 给…搔痒;给…挠痒

  • He scratched himself under his arm. [VERB pronoun-reflexive]

    他在胳膊下面挠了挠。

  • The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side. [VERB noun]

    老人撩起开襟毛衣挠了挠身体的一侧。

  • I had to wear long sleeves to stop myself scratching. [VERB]

    我只好穿上长袖衣服以免自己挠痒。

SYN rub, scrape, claw at
2 VERB 划伤;划出痕迹 If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface. 划伤;划出痕迹

  • The branches tore at my jacket and scratched my hands and face. [VERB noun]

    树枝刮破了我的夹克，划伤了我的手和脸。

  • Knives will scratch the worktop. [VERB noun]

    小刀会在工作台上留下划痕。

SYN mark, cut, score, damage
3 N-COUNT 划痕;擦痕 Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts. 划痕;擦痕

  • The seven-year-old was found crying with scratches on his face and neck. [+ on/to]

    那名 7 岁男孩被发现时正在哭泣，脸部和颈部都有划伤。

  • I pointed to a number of scratches in the tile floor.

    我指向地板砖上的一道道划痕。

SYN mark, scrape, graze, blemish
4 PHRASE 从零开始;从头做起;白手起家 If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before. 从零开始;从头做起;白手起家

  • Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging.

    建立一个全新的家庭既让人兴奋又富于挑战。

  • Hong Kong's manufacturing industry did not start from scratch in the post-war period.

    战后，香港制造业的兴起并非从零开始。

5 PHRASE 苦苦琢磨;绞尽脑汁 If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle. 苦苦琢磨;绞尽脑汁

  • The Institute spends a lot of time scratching its head about how to boost American productivity.

    该协会花费大量时间苦苦思索如何提高美国的生产力。

6 PHRASE 触及表面;隔靴搔痒;浅尝辄止 If you only scratch the surface of a subject or problem, you find out or do a small amount, but not enough to understand or solve it. 触及表面;隔靴搔痒;浅尝辄止

  • Officials say they've only scratched the surface of the drug problem. [+ of]

    官员们说他们只是触及了毒品问题的表面。

  • We had only two weeks to tour Malaysia, which was hardly enough time to scratch the surface.

    我们只有两周的时间游览马来西亚，连走马观花都来不及。

7 PHRASE 达到标准;合格;令人满意 If you say that someone or something is not up to scratch, you mean that they are not good enough. 达到标准;合格;令人满意

  • My mother always made me feel I wasn't coming up to scratch.

    母亲总是使我觉得自己不够优秀。

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