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BNC: 158 COCA: 225
under
ʌndəʳ ˈʌndə ˈʌndər

  • In addition to the uses shown below, under is also used in phrasal verbs such as ‘go under’ and ‘knuckle under’.

    除下列用法外，under还可用于go under，knuckle under等短语动词中。

1 PREP 在…下面；在…下方；在…底下 If a person or thing is under something, they are at a lower level than that thing, and may be covered or hidden by it. 在…下面；在…下方；在…底下

  • They found a labyrinth of tunnels under the ground.

    他们发现了一处迷宫似的地道。

  • ...swimming in the pool or lying under an umbrella.

    在泳池里游泳或躺在阳伞底下

  • Under a wide shelf that holds coffee jars stands a pile of magazines.

    放咖啡罐的一个宽架子下方有一摞杂志。

  • She buried her head under the covers, pretending to be asleep.

    她把头埋到被子底下，假装睡着了。

  • A path runs under the trees.

    树下有一条小径。

SYN below, beneath, underneath, on the bottom of
2 PREP 在（水面）之下；在（水）里 In a place such as a sea, river, or swimming pool, if someone or something is under the water, they are fully in the water and covered by it. 在（水面）之下；在（水）里

  • They said he'd been held under the water and drowned.

    他们说他被按到水里淹死了。

  • Goldfish were swimming lazily in a group just under the surface.

    金鱼聚在一起贴着水面懒洋洋地游着。

Under is also an adverb.

  • When the water was up to his neck, a hand came from behind and pushed his head under.

    水没到他的脖子时，从后面伸过来一只手把他的头按到了水里。

3 PREP 经由…的底下 If you go under something, you move from one side to the other of something that is at a higher level than you. 经由…的底下

  • He went under a brick arch.

    他穿过一个砖砌的拱门。

  • A river boat passed under the bridge.

    一条内河船从桥下经过。

4 PREP 在（尤指一层衣服）的里面（或底下) Something that is under a layer of something, especially clothing, is covered by that layer. 在（尤指一层衣服）的里面（或底下)

  • I was wearing two sweaters under the green army jacket.

    我在绿军装里套了两件毛线衫。

  • He had no shirt on under his thin jumper.

    他在薄套头衫里面没有穿衬衣。

  • It was hard to see the colours under the layer of dust.

    蒙了一层灰尘后颜色就很难看清了。

5 PREP 受…影响；经历 You can use under before a noun to indicate that a person or thing is being affected by something or is going through a particular process. 受…影响；经历

  • ...fishermen whose livelihoods are under threat.

    生计受到威胁的渔夫

  • I'm rarely under pressure and my co-workers are always nice to me.

    我很少感受到压力，同事们一直对我很好。

  • Firemen said they had the blaze under control.

    消防队员说他们已经控制住了火势。

  • The cause of the crash was under investigation.

    事故原因正在调查中。

  • He was rushed to court yesterday under armed guard.

    昨天他被急匆匆地武装押解到了法庭。

6 PREP 在（…情况或条件）下 If something happens under particular circumstances or conditions, it happens when those circumstances or conditions exist. 在（…情况或条件）下

  • His best friend was killed by police under extremely questionable circumstances.

    他最好的朋友在极其可疑的情况下被警察打死了。

  • Under normal conditions, only about 20 to 40 per cent of vitamin E is absorbed.

    正常情况下，仅有20%到40%的维生素E会被吸收。

  • Most doctors and nurses live under stressful conditions.

    大多数医生和护士都承受着很大的压力。

7 PREP 根据，按照，依照（法律、协定、制度等） If something happens under a law, agreement, or system, it happens because that law, agreement, or system says that it should happen. 根据，按照，依照（法律、协定、制度等）

  • Under law, your employer has the right to hire a temporary worker to replace you.

    根据法律规定，你的雇主有权雇用一名临时工来代替你。

  • We believe an offence was committed under EU regulations.

    我们认为根据欧盟有关规定已经构成了犯罪。

  • Under the Constitution, you cannot be tried twice for the same crime.

    依据《宪法》规定，不能一罪两判。

8 PREP 在（…领导）下；在（…当政）期间；在（…统治）之下 If something happens under a particular person or government, it happens when that person or government is in power. 在（…领导）下；在（…当政）期间；在（…统治）之下

  • There would be no new taxes under his leadership.

    在他主政期间不会增加新税种。

  • ...the realities of life under a brutal dictatorship.

    残暴的独裁统治下的生活现实

  • The North has been under Communist rule since 1954.

    北方自1954年起就一直处于共产党的统治之下。

9 PREP 在…指导下(学习)；在…手下(工作) If you study or work under a particular person, that person teaches you or tells you what to do. 在…指导下(学习)；在…手下(工作)

  • Kiefer was just one of the artists who had studied under Beuys in the early Sixties.

    基弗只是60年代早期师从博伊斯的艺术家之一。

  • General Lewis Hyde had served under General 'Billy' Mitchell.

    刘易斯·海德将军曾是“比利”·米切尔将军的部下。

  • I am the new manager and you will be working under me.

    我是新任的经理，你们将在我手下工作。

SYN subordinate to, subject to, reporting to, directed by
10 PREP 用（…之名）；以（…的名义）；假借（…之名） If you do something under a particular name, you use that name instead of your real name. 用（…之名）；以（…的名义）；假借（…之名）

  • Were any of your books published under the name Amanda Fairchild?.

    你们所出版的书里有署名为阿曼达·费尔柴尔德的吗？

  • The patient was registered under a false name.

    那位患者挂号时用了假名。

11 PREP 在…之下；在…部分里 You use under to say which section of a list, book, or system something is in. 在…之下；在…部分里

  • This study is described under 'General Diseases of the Eye'.

    “普通眼科疾病”这一部分里对该项研究作了描述。

  • ...a parental rights order under section 4 of the Family Law Reform Act.

    《家庭法改革法案》第4款中有关父母权利的规定

  • Where would it be?' — 'Filed under C, second drawer down.'

    “它会在哪儿？”—“归放在C字母下，往下数第二个抽屉。”

SYN included in, belonging to, subsumed under, comprised in
12 PREP （年龄或数量）不足，低于，在…以下 If something or someone is under a particular age or amount, they are less than that age or amount. →see: canvas  under wraps→see: wrap  （年龄或数量）不足，低于，在…以下

  • ...jobs for those under 65.

    适合65岁以下人群从事的工作

  • Nearly half of mothers with children under five have a job.

    孩子不满5岁的妈妈中近一半有工作。

  • Expenditure this year should be just under 15 billion pounds.

    今年的支出应正好低于150亿英镑。

SYN less than, below, not as much as
Under is also an adverb.

  • ...free childminding service for 5's and under.

    免费照看5岁及5岁以下儿童的服务 under canvas

Trends of under
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See also: under-

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