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campaign noun
⇨ campaign (a/an leadership/advertising/anti-smoking campaign) ⇨ war (a bombing campaign) campaign campaign ♦︎ battle ♦︎ struggle ♦︎ drive ♦︎ war ♦︎ fight ♦︎ crusade These are all words for an effort made to achieve or prevent sth. 这些词均表示为达目的所作的奋斗或斗争。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ a campaign / battle / struggle / drive / fight / crusade for sth ◆ a campaign / battle / struggle / drive / war / fight / crusade against sth ◆ a battle / struggle / war / fight between people ◆ a big / major campaign / battle / struggle / drive ◆ a successful campaign / battle / struggle / drive / fight ◆ a / an national / international campaign / battle / struggle / drive / crusade ◆ a personal / one-man / one-woman campaign / battle / struggle / war / crusade ◆ a bitter campaign / battle / struggle / fight ◆ a brave / desperate battle / struggle / fight ◆ a political campaign / battle / struggle ◆ to launch / embark on a campaign / battle / drive / crusade ◆ to lead / continue the campaign / battle / struggle / drive / war / fight / crusade ◆ to win / lose the battle / struggle / war / fight ◆ to give up the battle / struggle / fight ◆ The campaign / battle / war / fight is on . ■ campaign kæmˈpeɪn [countable ] a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim （为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的）运动 ◆ She led the campaign for parliamentary reform.她领导了要求改革议会的运动。 ◆ We're launching an anti-smoking campaign in the New Year.我们会在新年发起反对吸烟的运动。 ◆ The advertising campaign was responsible for the massive rise in sales.广告宣传活动是销售额大幅增长的原因。 campaigner ⇨ activist ■ battle [countable ] a competition or argument between people or groups of people trying to win power or control 较量；争论；斗争 ◆ She finally won the legal battle for compensation.她最终在这场要求赔偿的争讼中获胜。 ◆ Looking after a two-year-old needn't be a constant battle of wills (= when each side is very determined to win) .照顾两岁的孩子未必是一场持久的意志较量。 ◆ He had been conducting a personal battle of wits (= when each side uses their ability to think quickly to try and win) with the sales manager since his first day at work.他从第一天上班开始就一直在和销售经理斗智。 ■ struggle [countable ] a competition or argument between people or groups of people trying to win power or control 较量；争论；斗争 ◆ He was a major player in the struggle for independence.在这场争取独立的斗争中，他是主角。 ◆ It is an epic tale of the struggle between good and evil.这是一个关于善恶之争的史诗式故事。 ◆ She will not give up her children without a struggle.她不会轻易放弃自己的孩子。 struggle ⇨ resist verb NOTE 辨析 In many cases you can use either word, but a struggle is always about things that seem absolutely necessary, such as life and death or freedom. A battle can also be about things that are not absolutely necessary, just desirable, or about the pleasure of winning. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，但struggle总是指看起来绝对必要的斗争，如关于生死或自由。battle还可指非必要的斗争，如仅仅是为了满足欲求或获得胜利的满足感 ◆ the battle / struggle between good and evil / man and nature善与恶／人与自然之争 ◆ a legal struggle for compensation ◆ a struggle of wills/wits ■ drive [countable ] an organized effort by a group of people to achieve sth （团体为达到某种目的而进行的）有组织的努力，运动 ◆ He played a crucial role in the drive for greater efficiency.他在提高效率的运动中扮演了关键角色。 ◆ She is leading the recruitment drive.她在领导招募活动。 NOTE 辨析 A campaign is usually aimed at getting other people to do sth; a drive may be an attempt by people to get themselves to do sth. * campaign通常是旨在发动别人参加的运动；drive则可能是让自己努力参与其中的运动 ◆ From today, we're going on an economy drive (= we must spend less) .从今天起，我们要开展节约运动。 ◆ an economy campaign A campaign may be larger, more formal and more organized than a drive . * campaign可以指比drive更大规模、更正式和更有组织的活动。 ■ war [uncountable , singular ] an effort over a long period of time to get rid of or stop sth bad （为消灭或阻止有害事物的）长期斗争，顽强抵御 ◆ The government has declared war on drug dealers.政府已经向贩毒分子宣战。 ◆ We seem to be winning the war against crime.我们在打击犯罪方面似乎已做出成绩。 ■ fight [singular ] the work of trying to stop or prevent sth bad or achieve sth good; an act of competing, especially in a sport （抑恶或扬善的）斗争；（尤指体育）比赛，竞赛 ◆ Workers won their fight to stop compulsory redundancies.工人赢得了阻止强制性裁员的斗争。 ◆ The team put up a good fight (= they played well) but were finally beaten.这个队打得不错，但最后还是输了。 ■ crusade kruːˈseɪd [countable ] a long and determined effort to achieve sth that you believe to be right or to stop sth that you believe to be wrong （长期坚定不移的）斗争，运动 ◆ We must continue the crusade against crime.我们必须继续打击犯罪。 ◆ Her moral crusade began in 1963.她那提倡道德的运动始于1963年。 ◆ He led a crusade to give terminally ill people the right to die.他领导了一场给予末期病人死亡权利的运动。 crusader ⇨ activist NOTE 辨析 war is about stopping things, like drugs and crime, that everyone agrees are bad. A fight can be about achieving justice for yourself. A crusade is often about persuading other people to share your beliefs about what is right and wrong. * war指对公认的丑恶现象进行的斗争，如毒品和犯罪。 fight 可指为自己争取公正而进行的斗争。crusade常指说服别人接受自己的是非观的运动。 campaign campaign ♦︎ fight ♦︎ lobby ♦︎ work ♦︎ agitate These words all mean to try hard to achieve sth, by asking or trying to persuade or influence people in power. 这些词均表示努力请求、说服或影响当权者以实现目标。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to campaign / fight / lobby / work / agitate for sth ◆ to campaign / lobby / agitate against sth ◆ to campaign / fight / lobby on behalf of sb ◆ to campaign / fight / lobby / work / agitate to do sth ◆ to campaign / fight / lobby for changes ◆ to campaign / fight / agitate for reform ◆ a group campaigns / fights / lobbies / works ◆ to campaign / fight / lobby / work hard ◆ to campaign / lobby / work actively / vigorously ◆ to successfully campaign / fight / lobby for sth ■ campaign [intransitive ] to carry out a series of planned activities over a period of time in order to try to achieve sth, especially a political or social aim （出于政治或社会目的）参加运动，开展运动 ◆ We have campaigned against whaling for the last 15 years.我们最近15年一直开展反对捕鲸的运动。 ◆ The group campaigns on environmental issues.该团体从事环境方面的运动。 ◆ They are campaigning to save the area from building development.他们正开展一场反对在这个地区进行房地产开发的运动。 campaigner ⇨ activist ■ fight (fought , fought [intransitive , transitive ] to try very hard to get or achieve sth 努力争取；为⋯而斗争 ◆ He's still fighting for compensation after the accident.他还在力争事故后的赔偿。 ◆ Campaigners fought to save the hospital from closure.参与运动的人努力争取不让医院关闭。 ◆ She gradually fought her way to the top of the company.她努力奋斗，逐步跻身公司高层。 NOTE 辨析 Campaigning often involves such activities as making speeches, putting advertisements in newspapers and writing to members of the government. The aim is often to persuade people that a political or social change is needed or a practice needs to be stopped. You can fight for social or political change too, but this word is also used to talk about achieving justice for yourself, for example gaining the right to do sth. The emphasis with fight is on the determination sb shows to achieve sth. * campaign常涉及发表演讲、在报纸上刊登广告、致信政府人员等活动，目的是使他人意识到进行某项政治或社会变革，或停止某种做法的必要性。fight也可以指为了社会或政治变革而战，但亦指为争取个人公正待遇而斗争，如争取做某事的权利。 fight强调某人达成目标表现出的决心。 ■ lobby [intransitive , transitive ] to try to influence a politician or the government and, for example, persuade them to support or oppose a change in the law 游说（从政者或政府） ◆ Teachers have lobbied hard against education cuts.教师极力游说反对削减教育经费。 ◆ Farmers will lobby Congress for higher subsidies.农民将游说国会提高补贴。 lobby ⇨ party noun 1 ■ work [intransitive ] to try hard to achieve sth, especially over a period of time and in a way that involves acting together with other people 争取，力争（尤指和他人共同行动一段时间） ◆ She dedicated her life to working for peace.她为争取和平奉献了自己的一生。 ◆ The police and public need to work together to combat crime.警民需要携手打击犯罪。 ■ agitate ˈædʒɪteɪt [intransitive ] (formal ) to argue strongly for sth that you want, especially changes in the law or social conditions 激烈争论，鼓动，煽动（尤指为了法律或社会状况的改变） ◆ Some militant groups have been agitating for autonomy for the region.一些激进团体一直在煽动该地区自治。 agitation ⇨ trouble 1
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