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- centralizer 65
- inexplicable 186
- fundamentals 200
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- perspicacity 89
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- unjust 588
- printmaker 52
- lead off 189
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- proclivities 48
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- prophylactic 100
- divulgence 63
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- entire 628
- expediential 69
- lubricated 50
- separability 97
campaign noun
⇨ campaign (a/an leadership/advertising/anti-smoking campaign) ⇨ war (a bombing campaign) campaign campaign ♦︎ battle ♦︎ struggle ♦︎ drive ♦︎ war ♦︎ fight ♦︎ crusade These are all words for an effort made to achieve or prevent sth. 這些詞均表示爲達目的所作的奮鬥或鬥爭。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ a campaign / battle / struggle / drive / fight / crusade for sth ◆ a campaign / battle / struggle / drive / war / fight / crusade against sth ◆ a battle / struggle / war / fight between people ◆ a big / major campaign / battle / struggle / drive ◆ a successful campaign / battle / struggle / drive / fight ◆ a / an national / international campaign / battle / struggle / drive / crusade ◆ a personal / one-man / one-woman campaign / battle / struggle / war / crusade ◆ a bitter campaign / battle / struggle / fight ◆ a brave / desperate battle / struggle / fight ◆ a political campaign / battle / struggle ◆ to launch / embark on a campaign / battle / drive / crusade ◆ to lead / continue the campaign / battle / struggle / drive / war / fight / crusade ◆ to win / lose the battle / struggle / war / fight ◆ to give up the battle / struggle / fight ◆ The campaign / battle / war / fight is on . ■ campaign kæmˈpeɪn [countable ] a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim （爲社會、商業或政治目的而進行的）運動 ◆ She led the campaign for parliamentary reform.她領導了要求改革議會的運動。 ◆ We're launching an anti-smoking campaign in the New Year.我們會在新年發起反對吸煙的運動。 ◆ The advertising campaign was responsible for the massive rise in sales.廣告宣傳活動是銷售額大幅增長的原因。 campaigner ⇨ activist ■ battle [countable ] a competition or argument between people or groups of people trying to win power or control 較量；爭論；鬥爭 ◆ She finally won the legal battle for compensation.她最終在這場要求賠償的爭訟中獲勝。 ◆ Looking after a two-year-old needn't be a constant battle of wills (= when each side is very determined to win) .照顧兩歲的孩子未必是一場持久的意志較量。 ◆ He had been conducting a personal battle of wits (= when each side uses their ability to think quickly to try and win) with the sales manager since his first day at work.他從第一天上班開始就一直在和銷售經理鬥智。 ■ struggle [countable ] a competition or argument between people or groups of people trying to win power or control 較量；爭論；鬥爭 ◆ He was a major player in the struggle for independence.在這場爭取獨立的鬥爭中，他是主角。 ◆ It is an epic tale of the struggle between good and evil.這是一個關於善惡之爭的史詩式故事。 ◆ She will not give up her children without a struggle.她不會輕易放棄自己的孩子。 struggle ⇨ resist verb NOTE 辨析 In many cases you can use either word, but a struggle is always about things that seem absolutely necessary, such as life and death or freedom. A battle can also be about things that are not absolutely necessary, just desirable, or about the pleasure of winning. 在許多情況下這兩個詞可以通用，但struggle總是指看起來絕對必要的鬥爭，如關於生死或自由。battle還可指非必要的鬥爭，如僅僅是爲了滿足欲求或獲得勝利的滿足感 ◆ the battle / struggle between good and evil / man and nature善與惡／人與自然之爭 ◆ a legal struggle for compensation ◆ a struggle of wills/wits ■ drive [countable ] an organized effort by a group of people to achieve sth （團體爲達到某種目的而進行的）有組織的努力，運動 ◆ He played a crucial role in the drive for greater efficiency.他在提高效率的運動中扮演了關鍵角色。 ◆ She is leading the recruitment drive.她在領導招募活動。 NOTE 辨析 A campaign is usually aimed at getting other people to do sth; a drive may be an attempt by people to get themselves to do sth. * campaign通常是旨在發動别人參加的運動；drive則可能是讓自己努力參與其中的運動 ◆ From today, we're going on an economy drive (= we must spend less) .從今天起，我們要開展節約運動。 ◆ an economy campaign A campaign may be larger, more formal and more organized than a drive . * campaign可以指比drive更大規模、更正式和更有組織的活動。 ■ war [uncountable , singular ] an effort over a long period of time to get rid of or stop sth bad （爲消滅或阻止有害事物的）長期鬥爭，頑強抵禦 ◆ The government has declared war on drug dealers.政府已經向販毒分子宣戰。 ◆ We seem to be winning the war against crime.我們在打擊犯罪方面似乎已做出成績。 ■ fight [singular ] the work of trying to stop or prevent sth bad or achieve sth good; an act of competing, especially in a sport （抑惡或揚善的）鬥爭；（尤指體育）比賽，競賽 ◆ Workers won their fight to stop compulsory redundancies.工人赢得了阻止強制性裁員的鬥爭。 ◆ The team put up a good fight (= they played well) but were finally beaten.這個隊打得不錯，但最後還是輸了。 ■ crusade kruːˈseɪd [countable ] a long and determined effort to achieve sth that you believe to be right or to stop sth that you believe to be wrong （長期堅定不移的）鬥爭，運動 ◆ We must continue the crusade against crime.我們必須繼續打擊犯罪。 ◆ Her moral crusade began in 1963.她那提倡道德的運動始於1963年。 ◆ He led a crusade to give terminally ill people the right to die.他領導了一場給予末期病人死亡權利的運動。 crusader ⇨ activist NOTE 辨析 war is about stopping things, like drugs and crime, that everyone agrees are bad. A fight can be about achieving justice for yourself. A crusade is often about persuading other people to share your beliefs about what is right and wrong. * war指對公認的醜惡現象進行的鬥爭，如毒品和犯罪。 fight 可指爲自己爭取公正而進行的鬥爭。crusade常指說服别人接受自己的是非觀的運動。 campaign campaign ♦︎ fight ♦︎ lobby ♦︎ work ♦︎ agitate These words all mean to try hard to achieve sth, by asking or trying to persuade or influence people in power. 這些詞均表示努力請求、說服或影響當權者以實現目標。 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配 ◆ to campaign / fight / lobby / work / agitate for sth ◆ to campaign / lobby / agitate against sth ◆ to campaign / fight / lobby on behalf of sb ◆ to campaign / fight / lobby / work / agitate to do sth ◆ to campaign / fight / lobby for changes ◆ to campaign / fight / agitate for reform ◆ a group campaigns / fights / lobbies / works ◆ to campaign / fight / lobby / work hard ◆ to campaign / lobby / work actively / vigorously ◆ to successfully campaign / fight / lobby for sth ■ campaign [intransitive ] to carry out a series of planned activities over a period of time in order to try to achieve sth, especially a political or social aim （出於政治或社會目的）參加運動，開展運動 ◆ We have campaigned against whaling for the last 15 years.我們最近15年一直開展反對捕鲸的運動。 ◆ The group campaigns on environmental issues.該團體從事環境方面的運動。 ◆ They are campaigning to save the area from building development.他們正開展一場反對在這個地區進行房地産開發的運動。 campaigner ⇨ activist ■ fight (fought , fought [intransitive , transitive ] to try very hard to get or achieve sth 努力爭取；爲⋯而鬥爭 ◆ He's still fighting for compensation after the accident.他還在力爭事故後的賠償。 ◆ Campaigners fought to save the hospital from closure.參與運動的人努力爭取不讓醫院關閉。 ◆ She gradually fought her way to the top of the company.她努力奮鬥，逐步跻身公司高層。 NOTE 辨析 Campaigning often involves such activities as making speeches, putting advertisements in newspapers and writing to members of the government. The aim is often to persuade people that a political or social change is needed or a practice needs to be stopped. You can fight for social or political change too, but this word is also used to talk about achieving justice for yourself, for example gaining the right to do sth. The emphasis with fight is on the determination sb shows to achieve sth. * campaign常涉及發表演講、在報紙上刊登廣告、致信政府人員等活動，目的是使他人意識到進行某項政治或社會變革，或停止某種做法的必要性。fight也可以指爲了社會或政治變革而戰，但亦指爲爭取個人公正待遇而鬥爭，如爭取做某事的權利。 fight強調某人達成目標表現出的決心。 ■ lobby [intransitive , transitive ] to try to influence a politician or the government and, for example, persuade them to support or oppose a change in the law 遊說（從政者或政府） ◆ Teachers have lobbied hard against education cuts.教師極力遊說反對削減教育經費。 ◆ Farmers will lobby Congress for higher subsidies.農民將遊說國會提高補貼。 lobby ⇨ party noun 1 ■ work [intransitive ] to try hard to achieve sth, especially over a period of time and in a way that involves acting together with other people 爭取，力爭（尤指和他人共同行動一段時間） ◆ She dedicated her life to working for peace.她爲爭取和平奉獻了自己的一生。 ◆ The police and public need to work together to combat crime.警民需要攜手打擊犯罪。 ■ agitate ˈædʒɪteɪt [intransitive ] (formal ) to argue strongly for sth that you want, especially changes in the law or social conditions 激烈爭論，鼓動，煽動（尤指爲了法律或社會狀況的改變） ◆ Some militant groups have been agitating for autonomy for the region.一些激進團體一直在煽動該地區自治。 agitation ⇨ trouble 1
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