focus verb ⇨focus (focus on an issue)⇨aim (focus your eyes/a camera)focus
noun
focus ♦︎ centre ♦︎ heart ♦︎ hub ♦︎ focal pointThese are all words for the central and most important part of a particular place or activity.这些词均表示某地或活动的中心、核心。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an important focus / hub / focal point◆the central focus / hub◆the commercial centre / heart / hub of sth◆to act / serve as a focus / centre / focal point◆to give sth / provide a focus / focal point◆the focus / centre of attention■focusˈfəʊkəs; NAmEˈfoʊkəs [uncountable, countable, usually singular] the thing or person that people are most interested in; the act of paying special attention to sth and making people interested in it中心点(指人或事物);关注;引起关注◆His comments provided a focus for debate.他的评论提供了辩论的重点。◆We shall maintain our focus on the needs of the customer.我们将继续重点关注顾客的需要。◆The incident brought the problem of violence in schools into sharp focus.这次事件使校园暴力成为焦点问题。◆What we need now is a change of focus(= to look at things in a different way).我们现在需要的是改变对事物的看法。■centre (BrE) (NAmEcenter) [countable, usually singular] the point towards which people direct their attention中心;关注点◆Children like to be the centre of attention.小孩子喜欢引人注目。◆He could never doubt that he was the centre of her world.她的整个世界围着他转,对此他确信无疑。◆The prime minister is at the centre of a political row over leaked Cabinet documents.首相成了内阁文件泄密所引发的政治风波的中心人物。ⓘ Notice that you can say that sb/sth is the centre of attention or the centre of sb's world/universe, but you say that sb is at the centre of things/the action/a discussion. You can also say that sb is at the centre of sb's world/universe.注意,可以说sb/sth is the centre of attention(某人/某事物是关注的中心)或sb/sth is the centre of sb's world/universe(某人/某事物是某人世界的中心)。可以说sb is at the centre of things/the action/a discussion(某人处在事情/行动/讨论的中心),也可以说sb is at the centre of sb's world/universe(某人占据某人世界的中心)。■heart [countable, usually singular] the central part of a place中心;中央◆'Hillsdown' is a quiet hotel in the very heart of the city.希尔斯顿是一家位于市中心的安静的旅馆。ⓘ In this meaning heart is mainly used to talk about the central part of a city, country or region. It is often used in advertising trying to attract people to a place.表达此义时,heart主要指城市、国家或地区的中心,常用在广告中,以吸引人前往某地。 see also heart ⇨ pointnoun■hub [countable, usually singular] the central and most important part of a particular place or activity(某地或活动的)中心,核心◆The bank is situated in the commercial hub of the city.该银行位于城市的商业中心。◆The kitchen was the hub of family life.厨房是家庭生活的中心。◆a hub airport(= a large important one where people often change from one plane to another)大型中转机场NOTE辨析 Heart or hub?In some cases you can use either word.在有些情况下这两个词可以通用◆the commercial heart / hub of the city城市的商业中心However, the heart of the village/the town/the city/England usually suggests an attractive, historic place; the hub of the city/operations/business activity suggests a busy place where a lot of business is done.不过,the heart of the village/the town/the city/England(村庄/集镇/城市/英格兰的中心)通常意味着这些地方富有吸引力,且有历史意义;the hub of the city/operations/business activity(城市/业务/商业活动的中心)则意味着这些地方很繁华,商业活动繁忙。■ˈfocal pointˈfəʊkl; NAmEˈfoʊkl [countable, usually singular] a thing or person that is the centre of interest or activity集中点,焦点(指人或事物);活动中心◆In rural areas, the school is often the focal point for the local community.在农村,学校常常是当地社区的活动中心。◆The focal point of the policy developed by the government was the construction of a rail network .政府所提出的政策中,焦点是建设铁路网。ⓘ Focal point is often used to talk about a place in a community which brings people together, for example a school, shop, church or play area. It can also be used to describe the central point of a discussion, lecture, or of sb's political activities; or the main part of a design or arrangement; or the main event in a series of planned events. * focal point常指社区里人们聚会的地方,如学校、店铺、教堂或游戏场地等,亦可指讨论、演讲或某人政治活动的重点,或是设计或安排的主要部分,又或是一系列精心安排的事件中的重头戏。focus
verb
focus ♦︎ target ♦︎ direct ♦︎ be aimed at sb ♦︎ turn ♦︎ address ♦︎ orient ♦︎ pitchThese words all mean to give attention or a message to one particular person or group of people rather than another.这些词均表示关注或针对特定的人或群体。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to focus / target / turn sth on sb / sth◆to target sth / direct sth / be aimed / pitch sth at sb / sth◆to target / direct / orient sth towards sb / sth◆to turn / address / orient sth to sb / sth◆efforts / resources / campaigns are focused on / targeted at / directed at sb / sth◆attention is focused on / directed at / turned to sb / sth◆research is focused on / directed at / oriented towards sth◆sth is focused on / targeted at a / directed at / an group / area◆primarily focused on / targeted at / directed at / aimed at / addressed to / oriented towards / pitched at sb / sth◆particularly focused on / targeted at / directed at / aimed at / oriented towards / pitched at sb / sth◆specifically focused on / targeted at / directed at / aimed at / addressed to / oriented towards sb / sth◆principally targeted at / directed at / aimed at / addressed to / oriented towards sb / sth◆directly focused on / targeted at / aimed at / addressed to / pitched at sb / sth◆mainly / clearly focused on / targeted at / directed at / aimed at sb / sth■focus [intransitive, transitive] to give attention, effort, time etc. to one particular person, thing or situation rather than another关注;注重;重点在于◆The discussion focused on three main issues.讨论集中在三个主要问题上。◆Schools should not focus exclusively on exam results.学校不应该只注重考试成绩。◆I was finding it hard to focus my mind properly.我发现很难好好地集中精神。◆The visit helped to focus world attention on the plight of the refugees.这次访问促使全世界关注难民的困境。◆Much recent concern has been focused upon sea level rises.最近很多人都在关注海平面上涨的问题。◆Where do you really wish to focus your time and energy?你到底想要把时间和精力放在什么地方?■target [transitive, often passive] to try to help or influence a particular group of people, especially by offering a product or service designed for them把(专门设计的产品或服务)面向,对准◆The booklet is targeted at people approaching retirement.这本小册子的读者对象是临近退休的人。◆We target our services towards specific groups of people.我们的服务针对特定人群。◆This hospital is targeted for additional funding.这家医院旨在获得额外的资金。■direct[transitive] (always used with a preposition总是与介词连用) to say or do sth that is intended to influence, affect or deal with a particular person, group, situation or issue针对◆Was that remark directed at me?那话是冲着我来的吗?◆Most of his anger was directed against himself.他主要是生自己的气。◆There are three main issues we need to direct our attention to.我们需要注意的有三个主要问题。■be aimed at sb
phrase
(of a product, service or remark) to be directed at a particular person or group of people(产品、服务或言论)针对,对象是◆The book is aimed at very young children.这本书的读者对象是幼童。◆My criticism wasn't aimed at you.我的批评不是针对你。■turn[transitive, intransitive] to give attention to a particular person, subject or situation, especially after attention has been on sb/sth else把注意力转向(特定的人、主题或情况)◆She looked at him, then turned her attention back to me.她看了看他,然后又把注意力转回到我的身上。◆Don't turn your anger on the children.别朝孩子撒气。◆His thoughts turned to his dead wife.他想起了自己过世的妻子。■address [transitive] (formal) to say or write sth directly to a particular person向⋯说话;针对⋯而写◆I was surprised when he addressed me in English.他用英语跟我说话,我很诧异。◆Any questions should be addressed to your teacher.任何问题都应该向你的老师求教。◆The book is addressed to the general reader.这本书是写给普通读者的。■orient ˈɔːrient (BrE alsoorientate ˈɔːriənteɪt ) [transitive, usually passive] to make sb/sth give more interest, attention or effort towards a particular subject, person or situation; to make or adapt sb/sth for a particular purpose以⋯为方向;以⋯为目的;使适应◆Our students are oriented towards science subjects.我们的学生是理科方向的。◆We run a commercially oriented operation.我们经营一个商业性企业。■pitch [transitive, often passive] (ratherinformal, especially business尤用于商业) to aim a product or a service at a particular group of people使(产品或服务)针对,面向;确定⋯的销售对象(或目标市场)◆The new software is being pitched at banks.这种新软件以银行为目标市场。◆Orange juice is being pitched as an athlete's drink.橙汁正作为运动员饮料进行推销。
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