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BNC: 119 COCA: 130
last
lɑːst læst læst lɑst
Word forms: 3rd person singular present tense lasts, present participle lasting, past tense , past participle lasted
1 DET （表示最近过去的）刚过去的星期五/昨晚/去年 You use last in expressions such as last Friday ,last night, and last year to refer, for example, to the most recent Friday, night, or year. （表示最近过去的）刚过去的星期五/昨晚/去年

  • I got married last July.

    我在刚过去的7月里结了婚。

  • He never made it home at all last night.

    他昨晚根本没回家。

  • Last month a shopkeeper's nephew was shot dead.

    上个月一名店主的侄子被枪杀了。

  • It is not surprising they did so badly in last year's elections.

    他们在去年选举中如此糟糕的表现并不奇怪。

2 ADJ 最近的；最近一次的 The last event, person, thing, or period of time is the most recent one. 最近的；最近一次的

  • Much has changed since my last visit.

    从我上次去到现在，很多事情已经变了。

  • At the last count inflation was 10.9 per cent.

    最近一次统计显示通胀率为10.9%。

  • I split up with my last boyfriend three years ago.

    我3年前和前任男友分的手。

  • The last few weeks have been hectic.

    过去几周一直忙得不可开交。

SYN most recent, latest, previous
Last is also a pronoun.

  • The next tide, it was announced, would be even higher than the last.

    据报下一次潮水甚至会比上一次涨得更高。

3 ADV [ADVERB with verb] 上次；最近一次 If something last happened on a particular occasion, that is the most recent occasion on which it happened. 上次；最近一次

  • When were you there last?.

    你上次去是什么时候？

  • The house is a little more dilapidated than when I last saw it.

    那房子比我上次见到时更破旧了些。

  • Hunting on the trust's 625,000 acres was last debated two years ago.

    有关在该托管机构管理的62.5万英亩土地上狩猎一事，最近一次辩论是两年前。

4 ORD 最后的；最末的 The last thing, person, event, or period of time is the one that happens or comes after all the others of the same kind. 最后的；最末的

  • This is his last chance as prime minister.

    这是他作为首相的最后机会。

  • ...the last three pages of the chapter.

    该章最后3页

  • She said it was the very last house on the road.

    她说就是路边最后那间屋子。

  • They didn't come last in their league.

    他们没有在联赛中垫底。

Last is also a pronoun.

  • It wasn't the first time that this particular difference had divided them and it wouldn't be the last.

    他们因此事产生分歧不是第一次，也不会是最后一次。

  • The trickiest bits are the last on the list.

    最棘手的部分列在最后。

5 ADV [ADVERB after verb] 最后地；最末地 If you do something last, you do it after everyone else does, or after you do everything else. 最后地；最末地

  • I testified last.

    我最后一个作证。

  • I was always picked last for the football team at school.

    在学校里分队踢足球时，我总是最后被挑的那一个。

  • The foreground, nearest the viewer, is painted last.

    距离观者最近的前景是最后才画的。

SYN in or at the end, after, behind, in the rear
6 PRON 最后的人 If you are the last to do or know something, everyone else does or knows it before you. 最后的人

  • She was the last to go to bed. [+ to-infinitive]

    她最后一个上床。

  • Riccardo and I are always the last to know what's going on. [+ to-infinitive]

    我和里卡尔多总是最后才知道发生什么事情。

7 ADJ 最后剩下的；最末的 Last is used to refer to the only thing, person, or part of something that remains. 最后剩下的；最末的

  • Jed nodded, finishing off the last piece of pizza.

    杰德点点头，把最后一块比萨饼吃完。

  • ...the freeing of the last hostage.

    最后一名人质的获释

Last is also a noun.

  • He finished off the last of the wine.

    他喝完了最后一点酒。

  • The last of the ten inmates gave themselves up after twenty eight hours on the roof of the prison.

    在监狱屋顶上坚持了28小时后，10名囚犯中的最后几个终于投降。

8 ADJ （竞赛中）最后留下的，排位在前的 You use last before numbers to refer to a position that someone has reached in a competition after other competitors have been knocked out. （竞赛中）最后留下的，排位在前的

  • Sampras reached the last four at Wimbledon.

    桑普拉斯杀入了温布尔登四强。

  • ...the only woman among the authors making it through to the last six.

    进入最后6人名单的唯一一位女作家

9 ADJ 最不想要的；最不可能的 You can use last to indicate that something is extremely undesirable or unlikely. 最不想要的；最不可能的 [emphasis]

  • The last thing I wanted to do was teach.

    我最不想干的事情就是教书。

  • He would be the last person who would do such a thing.

    他最不可能干这种事情。

SYN least likely, most unlikely, most unsuitable, least suitable
Last is also a pronoun.

  • I would be the last to say that science has explained everything.

    我绝对不认为科学已经解释了所有事情。

10 PRON 最后一次；最末一次 The last you see of someone or the last you hear of them is the final time that you see them or talk to them. 最后一次；最末一次

  • She disappeared shouting, 'To the river, to the river!' And that was the last we saw of her.

    她高喊着“往河里去，往河里去！”然后就消失了。那是我们最后一次看到她的情形。

  • I had a feeling it would be the last I heard of him.

    我有一种感觉，这将是我最后一次听到他的消息。

11 VERB 持续，延续，维持（一段时间） If an event, situation, or problem lasts for a particular length of time, it continues to exist or happen for that length of time. 持续，延续，维持（一段时间） [Also V adv]

  • The marriage had lasted for less than two years. [VERB + for]

    这段婚姻维持了不到两年。

  • The games lasted only half the normal time. [VERB noun]

    比赛只持续了通常时间的一半。

  • Enjoy it because it won't last. [VERB]

    尽情享受吧，因为这不会长久。

12 VERB 够用，保持可用状态（一段时间） If something lasts for a particular length of time, it continues to be able to be used for that time, for example because there is some of it left or because it is in good enough condition. 够用，保持可用状态（一段时间） [Also VERB]

  • You only need a very small blob of glue, so one tube lasts for ages. [VERB + for]

    每次只需一点点胶水而已，因此一管可以用很长时间。

  • The repaired sail lasted less than 24 hours. [VERB noun]

    修好的帆支撑了不到24小时。

  • The implication is that this battery lasts twice as long as other batteries. [VERB adv.]

    言外之意是，这种电池的寿命是其他品牌电池的两倍。

  • If you build more plastics into cars, the car lasts longer. [VERB adv.]

    如果汽车采用更多塑料元件，寿命会更长一些。

SYN continue, keep, remain, survive
13 VERB 支持完；熬过；拖过 You can use last in expressions such as last the game ,last the course, and last the week, to indicate that someone manages to take part in an event or situation right to the end, especially when this is very difficult for them. 支持完；熬过；拖过

  • They wouldn't have lasted the full game. [VERB noun]

    他们本不可能撑完整场比赛的。

  • I almost lasted the two weeks. I only had a couple of days to do. [VERB noun]

    我几乎撑过了这两个星期。我只有几天时间去做。

To last out means the same as to last.last out同last

  • It'll be a miracle if the band lasts out the tour.

    如果乐队能撑完巡演，那将是个奇迹。

  • A breakfast will be served to those who last out till dawn!

    坚持到天亮的能吃上早餐！

14 See also: lasting 
Usage Note :

  • Note that you do not use after all if you want to talk about what happens at the end of a long period, instead you use at last, finally, in the end, lastly, or last of all. You use at last or finally when you have been waiting for or expecting something for a long time. At last usually comes at the end of a sentence. The storm that had threatened came at last. Finally usually comes at the beginning of a sentence or before a verb. After another search they finally located the house. You also use finally to talk about something that is the last in a series of things. He lived in Turkey, France, Norway, and finally Mexico. You use in the end when talking about something that happens after a long time or a long process. Perhaps the police got him in the end... In the end, Peter seemed quite happy. You use lastly to talk about the last of a series of people or things. I went through the bathroom, the bedroom, and lastly the sitting room. You use last of all to emphasize that there is nobody or nothing else after the person or thing you mention. Last of all came the cat.

    注意，谈论很长一段时间之后最终发生的事，不用after all，而用at last，finally，in the end，lastly或last of all。表示经历了长久的等待或期待时，用at last或finally，at last通常置于句末，例如，The storm that had threatened came at last（酝酿已久的暴风雨终于来了）。finally则通常置于句首或动词之前：After another search they finally located the house（又搜寻了一番后，他们终于找到了那幢房子）。finally亦用于谈论一连串事情的最后一件：He lived in Turkey, France, Norway, and finally Mexico（他曾在土耳其、法国和挪威生活过，最后来到了墨西哥）。表示某事经历了较长的时间或过程后发生，则用 in the end, 例如，Perhaps the police got him in the end（也许警方最终抓到了他），In the end, Peter seemed quite happy（最后，彼得似乎很开心）。lastly用于谈论一连串人或事物的最后一个或一件：I went through the bathroom, the bedroom, and lastly the sitting room（浴室、卧室最后连客厅我都找遍了）。last of all 则用来强调在提到的人或事物之后再无他人或其他事物，例如，Last of all came the cat（最后出场的是猫）。

15 PHRASE 终于；最后；到底 If you say that something has happened at last or at long last you mean it has happened after you have been hoping for it for a long time. 终于；最后；到底

  • I'm so glad that we've found you at last!.

    我们终于找到你了，我真是太高兴了！

  • Here, at long last, was the moment he had waited for.

    他等待已久的时刻终于到来。

  • At last the train arrived in the station.

    火车终于到站了。

  • 'All right', he said at last. 'You may go.'

    “好吧”，他终于开口道，“你可以走了。”

SYN finally, eventually, in the end, ultimately
16 PHRASE 前天晚上／ 上上次选举／上上任领导人 You use expressions such as the night before last ,the election before last and the leader before last to refer to the period of time, event, or person that came immediately before the most recent one in a series. 前天晚上／ 上上次选举／上上任领导人

  • It was the dog he'd heard the night before last.

    他前晚听到的是狗叫声。

  • In the budget before last a tax penalty on the mobile phone was introduced.

    上上次的预算案中对移动电话引入了惩罚性税收。

17 PHRASE 气绝；断气；咽气 If someone breathes their last, they die. 气绝；断气；咽气
18 PHRASE 倒数第二／倒数第三／ 倒数第四 You can use phrases such as the last but one, the last but two, or the last but three, to refer to the thing or person that is, for example, one, two, or three before the final person or thing in a group or series. 倒数第二／倒数第三／ 倒数第四

  • It's the last but one day in the athletics programme.

    那是田径比赛结束的前一天。

  • The British team finished last but one.

    英国队位列倒数第二。

19 PHRASE [PHRASE n] 所有；全部 You use every last to emphasize that you are talking about all the people or things in a group or all the parts of something. 所有；全部 [emphasis]

  • I'd spent all I had, every last penny.

    我把钱全部花光了，一分不剩。

  • You'll never quite get rid of every last bit of grit.

    无法把所有的沙砾都清除干净。

  • My tape recorder did not catch every last word.

    我的录音机并没有把每一个字都录下来。

20 PHRASE （需要裁员时首先解雇新员工的）“后进先出”原则 The expression last in, first out is used to say that the last person who started work in an organization should be the first person to leave it, if fewer people are needed. （需要裁员时首先解雇新员工的）“后进先出”原则

  • Workers will go on a 'last in, first out' basis.

    对工人的裁员原则是“后进先出”。

21 PHRASE 我/她最近一次听到有关…的消息；最新消息 You can use expressions such as the last I heard and the last she heard to introduce a piece of information that is the most recent that you have on a particular subject. 我/她最近一次听到有关…的消息；最新消息

  • The last I heard, Joe and Irene were still happily married.

    我最近一次听说时，乔和艾琳仍然是一对快乐的夫妻。

22 PHRASE 把…留到最后 If you leave something or someone until last, you delay using, choosing, or dealing with them until you have used, chosen, or dealt with all the others. 把…留到最后

  • I have left my best wine until last.

    我把最好的酒留到了最后。

  • I picked first all the people who usually were left till last.

    我先挑出了所有通常留到最后的人。

23 PHRASE [VERB inflects] 不再见到某人 If you see the last of someone, you do not expect to see them or deal with them again. 不再见到某人

  • I honestly thought I'd seen the last of you.

    老实说我以为再也不用见到你了。

24 PHRASE [PHRASE after verb] [PHRASE after verb] 贯穿（全书、整部电影或整件事情） If you say that something goes on happening to the last, you mean that it happens throughout the whole of a book, film, or event. 贯穿（全书、整部电影或整件事情）

  • ...a highly readable political thriller with plenty of twists of plot to keep you guessing to the last.

    一部可读性极强的政治惊悚小说，情节峰回路转，不到最后一刻绝对猜不中结局

25 PHRASE 一直，始终（为某一类人） If you say that someone is a particular kind of person to the last, you are emphasizing that they continue to be that kind of person. 一直，始终（为某一类人）

  • A gentleman to the last, he did not run, but merely attempted to stroll away.

    他始终保持绅士风度，没有拔脚就跑，只是试图移步走开。

  • Armstrong was tall and handsome to the last.

    阿姆斯特朗从来都是这么高大、英俊。

26 PHRASE [PHRASE after verb] （表示全部包括在内）任何一丝细节/ 每一个人 You use expressions such as to the last detail and to the last man to indicate that a plan, situation, or activity includes every single person, thing, or part involved. （表示全部包括在内）任何一丝细节/ 每一个人

  • Every movement, no matter how casual and spontaneous, needs to be worked out to the last detail.

    对每一个动作，无论它显得多么随意和无意识，都不能放过一丝细节。

  • Our troops are being used up to the last man.

    我们的部队已人尽其用。

27 last breath→see: breath  to have the last laugh→see: laugh  last-minute→see: minute  someone's last stand→see: stand  the last straw→see: straw  last thing→see: thing 
Phrasal verbs:
last out
Quotations
Many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first Bible: St. Mark
Usage
Usagelast and latter
Both last and latter refer to the final person or thing mentioned. Use last when more than two persons or things have been mentioned: Whales, dolphins, and sharks all have fins and live in the ocean, but only the last is a fish. Use latter when exactly two persons or things have been mentioned: Jorge and Ana applied for the same scholarship, which was awarded to the latter.
Trends of last
View usage for:All yearsLast 10 yearsLast 50 yearsLast 100 yearsLast 300 years
BNC: 119 COCA: 130
last

verb

ADVERB | VERB + LAST | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADVERB➤long持續時間長◇Your car will last longer if you take care of it.你的車如果好好保養，就可以開得久一點兒。➤well保持得好◇Even when cut, the flowers last very well.這些花剪下來以後也能保鮮很久。➤forever, indefinitely持續到永遠◇Nothing lasts forever.任何事物都不是永恆的。◇With care, the vines will last indefinitely.精心護理的話，葡萄藤會活很長時間。➤rarely極少持久◇This type of happiness rarely lasts.這種幸福極少有持久的。➤never不持久◇Happiness never lasts.快樂總是很短暫。VERB + LAST➤can能夠持續◇The storm could last quite a long time.暴風雨可能持續很長時間。◇The good weather couldn't last.這種好天氣不會持久。➤will會持續◇The kids are all very enthusiastic, but it won't last.孩子們熱情都很高，不過不會持續太久。➤be likely to, be sure to很可能／肯定能持續◇a bruise that was sure to last for days肯定會持續好幾天的瘀傷➤be unlikely to不大可能持續◇I always thought his popularity was unlikely to last.我一直認為他不太會一路紅下去。➤be expected to有望持久▸➤seem to好像會持續◇The flight seemed to last forever.飛行航程好像沒完沒了。➤be built to, be made to建造以持久◇This house was built to last.這房子造得經久耐用。PREPOSITION➤for持續⋯時間◇The war lasted for three years.戰爭持續了 3 年。➤into持續到⋯時候◇The celebrations lasted well into the next week.慶祝活動一直持續到第二週。➤through持續過⋯◇The effort began in November and lasted through February. (NAmE) 這一努力自 11 月開始，一直持續到了 2 月末。◇She hoped they had enough firewood to last through the night. (BrE) 她希望他們有足夠的柴火挺過這一夜。➤until持續到⋯為止◇The trial is expected to last until the end of the week.審判預計要持續到週末。PHRASES➤while sth lasts當⋯存在時◇Interest rates are at their lowest level for a decade. I suggest you enjoy it while it lasts.利率在低谷徘徊已經 10 年了，我建議你們把握好機會，不要錯過哦。
BNC: 119 COCA: 130
last verb
⇨ continue 1 (It lasted an hour.) ⇨ remain (This weather won't last.)last det., adj.
⇨ last 1 (the last bus home) ⇨ last 2 (last night)last1

determiner

,

adjective

 the last bus home 回家的末班公共汽车last night 昨晚last ♦︎ final ♦︎ closing ♦︎ later ♦︎ eventual ♦︎ ultimate ♦︎ latterThese words all describe sth that happens or comes after all other similar things or people. 这些词均表示最后的、末尾的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the last / final / closing / later / ultimate / latter stage / phase◆the last / final / later / eventual / ultimate aim / goal / outcome◆eventual / ultimate success / failure / victory / defeat◆sb / sth's last / final / closing / later / latter years◆sb's last / final / closing speech / address◆the last / final / closing remark / chapter / minutes■ last

determiner

,

adjective

happening or coming after all other similar things or people; the only remaining thing or person 最后的；末尾的；仅存的◆We caught the last bus home.我们赶上了回家的末班公共汽车。◆It's the last house on the left.是左边尽头那栋房子。◆She was last to arrive.她是最后到的。◆I wouldn't marry you if you were the last person on earth!就算世界上只剩下你一个人，我也不会跟你结婚！◆He knew this was his last hope of winning.他知道自己成败在此一举。 OPP first ⇨ first ▸ lastly

adverb

◆Lastly, I'd like to ask you about your plans.最后，我想问一下你们的计划。▸ at ˈlast

idiom

◆We're home at last!我们终于到家了！◆At long last the cheque arrived.支票终于到了。■ final

adjective

 [only before noun] being or happening at the end of a series of events, actions or statements; being the result of a particular process 最终的；最后的◆His final act as president was to pardon his predecessor.他作为总统所采取的最后行动是赦免其前任。◆The referee blew the final whistle.裁判吹响了终场的哨声。◆I'd like to return to the final point you made.我想回到你所说的最后一点。◆No one could have predicted the final outcome.谁也没有预想到最终结果会是这样。OPP initial ⇨ first ▸ finally

adverb

◆Finally, stir in the fruit and walnuts.最后，把水果和核桃搅拌进去。◆The performance finally started half an hour late.演出在晚了半小时后终于开始了。■ closing

adjective

 [only before noun] coming at the end of a speech, a period of time or an activity, especially as a sign that sth is about to finish （讲话、时段或活动）接近尾声的，结尾的，结束的◆The closing ceremony proved to be a spectacular and memorable affair.事实证明，这次闭幕式宏大壮观，十分难忘。OPP opening ⇨ first ■ later

adjective

happening or being near the end of a period of time 接近末期的◆the later part of the seventeenth century17世纪末叶◆She found happiness in her later years.她到晚年才找到幸福。 OPP earlier ▸ later

adverb

◆His father died later that year.那年晚些时候他的父亲去世了。◆We're going to Rome later in the year.我们年内晚些时候要到罗马去。■ eventual ɪˈventʃuəl

adjective

 [only before noun] happening at the end of a period of time or of a process （时段或过程）最后的，最终的◆The school may face eventual closure.这所学校最终可能会面临关闭。◆the eventual winner of the tournament锦标赛的最终获胜者▸ eventually

adverb

◆She hopes eventually to attend medical school and become a doctor.她希望最终能够上医学院，成为一名医生。◆I'll get round to mending it eventually.我最后会抽出时间来修理它的。■ ultimate ˈʌltɪmət

adjective

 [only before noun](especially of sth that is planned or intended) happening at the end of a long process （尤指计划或打算的事情）最后的，最终的，终极的◆our ultimate goal / aim / objective / target我们最终的目的／目标◆The ultimate decision lies with the parents.最后的决定权掌握在父母手中。◆We will accept ultimate responsibility for whatever happens.无论出什么事情，我们愿承担全部责任。▸ ultimately

adverb

◆The campaign was ultimately successful.这次运动最终成功了。◆Ultimately, you'll have to make the decision yourself.最终你还是得自己拿主意。■ latter

adjective

nearer to the end of a period of time than the beginning （时段）后半期的，后面的◆The latter half of the twentieth century saw huge growth in air travel.航空旅行在20世纪后半期有了巨幅增长。▸ latterly

adverb

 (formal) ◆Her health declined rapidly and latterly she never left the house.她的健康状况急剧衰退，此后她再也没离开过家。last2

determiner

,

adjective

 the last bus home 回家的末班公共汽车last night 昨晚last ♦︎ past ♦︎ previous ♦︎ precedingThese words all describe sth that happened or existed only a short time ago, or before a particular time, event or object. 这些词均表示最近的、刚过去的、上一个的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the last / past / previous / preceding few days / week / month / year / decade / century◆the last / past / previous weekend / season / hundred years◆the last / past hour◆the previous / preceding day◆last / the previous night / Friday / July / summer◆the last / previous / preceding paragraph / section◆the last / previous page / chapter / time / visit / meeting / war◆sb's last / previous album / appearance◆the previous / preceding discussion / argument / analysis / example■ last

determiner

most recent 最近的；上一个的◆He got home late last night.他昨天夜里很晚才回家。◆Last summer we went to Greece for a month.去年夏天我们去希腊待了一个月。◆The critics all hated her last book.评论家都很不喜欢她的新书。◆This last point, that Hamish has mentioned, is crucial.哈米什刚刚提到的这一点很关键。OPP first ⇨ first , next ⇨ next ■ past

adjective

 [only before noun](of a period of time) gone by recently; just ended （一段时间）刚过去的，刚结束的◆I haven't seen much of her in the past few weeks.近几周来我没怎么见到她。 OPP next ⇨ next NOTE 辨析 Last or past?You can only use past to talk about a period of time that has just gone by, especially a long or approximate period of time. * past仅指刚过去的一段时间，特别是较长或大概的一段时间◆These past months have been terribly stressful for everyone.最近几个月每个人的压力都特别大。 Past is an adjective and must be used with the or a determiner such as this or these: it cannot be used on its own. * past是形容词，前面必须加the或this、these等限定词，不能单独使用◆Last week was very busy.上个星期特别忙。◆The past week has been very busy.上个星期特别忙。 Past is not used to talk about particular dates or points in time, or about things. * past不修饰具体的日期或时刻，也不修饰事物◆He got home late past night. ◆The critics hated her past book. ■ previous [only before noun] happening or coming immediately before the time or thing you are talking about （时间或顺序上）稍前的◆He went jogging on Friday, despite the doctor's warnings the previous day (= the day before the time mentioned).尽管医生前一天刚警告过他，可他周五还是去慢跑了。◆We dealt with this in the previous chapter.我们在前一章论及了这一点。 OPP the following ⇨ next ■ preceding prɪˈsiːdɪŋ [only before noun] (formal) previous 在⋯之前发生的；先于⋯的◆This policy was pursued less vigorously in the 1880s than in the preceding decade (= the 1870s).在19世纪80年代，这项政策不如之前10年执行得那么坚决。◆The reasoning in the preceding paragraph applies equally to a number of other cases.上一段中的论述同样也适用于其他一些情况。OPP the following ⇨ next
BNC: 119 COCA: 130

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