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last
lɑːst læst læst lɑst
Word forms: 3rd person singular present tense lasts, present participle lasting, past tense , past participle lasted
1 DET （表示最近过去的）刚过去的星期五/昨晚/去年 You use last in expressions such as last Friday ,last night, and last year to refer, for example, to the most recent Friday, night, or year. （表示最近过去的）刚过去的星期五/昨晚/去年

  • I got married last July.

    我在刚过去的7月里结了婚。

  • He never made it home at all last night.

    他昨晚根本没回家。

  • Last month a shopkeeper's nephew was shot dead.

    上个月一名店主的侄子被枪杀了。

  • It is not surprising they did so badly in last year's elections.

    他们在去年选举中如此糟糕的表现并不奇怪。

2 ADJ 最近的；最近一次的 The last event, person, thing, or period of time is the most recent one. 最近的；最近一次的

  • Much has changed since my last visit.

    从我上次去到现在，很多事情已经变了。

  • At the last count inflation was 10.9 per cent.

    最近一次统计显示通胀率为10.9%。

  • I split up with my last boyfriend three years ago.

    我3年前和前任男友分的手。

  • The last few weeks have been hectic.

    过去几周一直忙得不可开交。

SYN most recent, latest, previous
Last is also a pronoun.

  • The next tide, it was announced, would be even higher than the last.

    据报下一次潮水甚至会比上一次涨得更高。

3 ADV [ADVERB with verb] 上次；最近一次 If something last happened on a particular occasion, that is the most recent occasion on which it happened. 上次；最近一次

  • When were you there last?.

    你上次去是什么时候？

  • The house is a little more dilapidated than when I last saw it.

    那房子比我上次见到时更破旧了些。

  • Hunting on the trust's 625,000 acres was last debated two years ago.

    有关在该托管机构管理的62.5万英亩土地上狩猎一事，最近一次辩论是两年前。

4 ORD 最后的；最末的 The last thing, person, event, or period of time is the one that happens or comes after all the others of the same kind. 最后的；最末的

  • This is his last chance as prime minister.

    这是他作为首相的最后机会。

  • ...the last three pages of the chapter.

    该章最后3页

  • She said it was the very last house on the road.

    她说就是路边最后那间屋子。

  • They didn't come last in their league.

    他们没有在联赛中垫底。

Last is also a pronoun.

  • It wasn't the first time that this particular difference had divided them and it wouldn't be the last.

    他们因此事产生分歧不是第一次，也不会是最后一次。

  • The trickiest bits are the last on the list.

    最棘手的部分列在最后。

5 ADV [ADVERB after verb] 最后地；最末地 If you do something last, you do it after everyone else does, or after you do everything else. 最后地；最末地

  • I testified last.

    我最后一个作证。

  • I was always picked last for the football team at school.

    在学校里分队踢足球时，我总是最后被挑的那一个。

  • The foreground, nearest the viewer, is painted last.

    距离观者最近的前景是最后才画的。

SYN in or at the end, after, behind, in the rear
6 PRON 最后的人 If you are the last to do or know something, everyone else does or knows it before you. 最后的人

  • She was the last to go to bed. [+ to-infinitive]

    她最后一个上床。

  • Riccardo and I are always the last to know what's going on. [+ to-infinitive]

    我和里卡尔多总是最后才知道发生什么事情。

7 ADJ 最后剩下的；最末的 Last is used to refer to the only thing, person, or part of something that remains. 最后剩下的；最末的

  • Jed nodded, finishing off the last piece of pizza.

    杰德点点头，把最后一块比萨饼吃完。

  • ...the freeing of the last hostage.

    最后一名人质的获释

Last is also a noun.

  • He finished off the last of the wine.

    他喝完了最后一点酒。

  • The last of the ten inmates gave themselves up after twenty eight hours on the roof of the prison.

    在监狱屋顶上坚持了28小时后，10名囚犯中的最后几个终于投降。

8 ADJ （竞赛中）最后留下的，排位在前的 You use last before numbers to refer to a position that someone has reached in a competition after other competitors have been knocked out. （竞赛中）最后留下的，排位在前的

  • Sampras reached the last four at Wimbledon.

    桑普拉斯杀入了温布尔登四强。

  • ...the only woman among the authors making it through to the last six.

    进入最后6人名单的唯一一位女作家

9 ADJ 最不想要的；最不可能的 You can use last to indicate that something is extremely undesirable or unlikely. 最不想要的；最不可能的 [emphasis]

  • The last thing I wanted to do was teach.

    我最不想干的事情就是教书。

  • He would be the last person who would do such a thing.

    他最不可能干这种事情。

SYN least likely, most unlikely, most unsuitable, least suitable
Last is also a pronoun.

  • I would be the last to say that science has explained everything.

    我绝对不认为科学已经解释了所有事情。

10 PRON 最后一次；最末一次 The last you see of someone or the last you hear of them is the final time that you see them or talk to them. 最后一次；最末一次

  • She disappeared shouting, 'To the river, to the river!' And that was the last we saw of her.

    她高喊着“往河里去，往河里去！”然后就消失了。那是我们最后一次看到她的情形。

  • I had a feeling it would be the last I heard of him.

    我有一种感觉，这将是我最后一次听到他的消息。

11 VERB 持续，延续，维持（一段时间） If an event, situation, or problem lasts for a particular length of time, it continues to exist or happen for that length of time. 持续，延续，维持（一段时间） [Also V adv]

  • The marriage had lasted for less than two years. [VERB + for]

    这段婚姻维持了不到两年。

  • The games lasted only half the normal time. [VERB noun]

    比赛只持续了通常时间的一半。

  • Enjoy it because it won't last. [VERB]

    尽情享受吧，因为这不会长久。

12 VERB 够用，保持可用状态（一段时间） If something lasts for a particular length of time, it continues to be able to be used for that time, for example because there is some of it left or because it is in good enough condition. 够用，保持可用状态（一段时间） [Also VERB]

  • You only need a very small blob of glue, so one tube lasts for ages. [VERB + for]

    每次只需一点点胶水而已，因此一管可以用很长时间。

  • The repaired sail lasted less than 24 hours. [VERB noun]

    修好的帆支撑了不到24小时。

  • The implication is that this battery lasts twice as long as other batteries. [VERB adv.]

    言外之意是，这种电池的寿命是其他品牌电池的两倍。

  • If you build more plastics into cars, the car lasts longer. [VERB adv.]

    如果汽车采用更多塑料元件，寿命会更长一些。

SYN continue, keep, remain, survive
13 VERB 支持完；熬过；拖过 You can use last in expressions such as last the game ,last the course, and last the week, to indicate that someone manages to take part in an event or situation right to the end, especially when this is very difficult for them. 支持完；熬过；拖过

  • They wouldn't have lasted the full game. [VERB noun]

    他们本不可能撑完整场比赛的。

  • I almost lasted the two weeks. I only had a couple of days to do. [VERB noun]

    我几乎撑过了这两个星期。我只有几天时间去做。

To last out means the same as to last.last out同last

  • It'll be a miracle if the band lasts out the tour.

    如果乐队能撑完巡演，那将是个奇迹。

  • A breakfast will be served to those who last out till dawn!

    坚持到天亮的能吃上早餐！

14 See also: lasting 
Usage Note :

  • Note that you do not use after all if you want to talk about what happens at the end of a long period, instead you use at last, finally, in the end, lastly, or last of all. You use at last or finally when you have been waiting for or expecting something for a long time. At last usually comes at the end of a sentence. The storm that had threatened came at last. Finally usually comes at the beginning of a sentence or before a verb. After another search they finally located the house. You also use finally to talk about something that is the last in a series of things. He lived in Turkey, France, Norway, and finally Mexico. You use in the end when talking about something that happens after a long time or a long process. Perhaps the police got him in the end... In the end, Peter seemed quite happy. You use lastly to talk about the last of a series of people or things. I went through the bathroom, the bedroom, and lastly the sitting room. You use last of all to emphasize that there is nobody or nothing else after the person or thing you mention. Last of all came the cat.

    注意，谈论很长一段时间之后最终发生的事，不用after all，而用at last，finally，in the end，lastly或last of all。表示经历了长久的等待或期待时，用at last或finally，at last通常置于句末，例如，The storm that had threatened came at last（酝酿已久的暴风雨终于来了）。finally则通常置于句首或动词之前：After another search they finally located the house（又搜寻了一番后，他们终于找到了那幢房子）。finally亦用于谈论一连串事情的最后一件：He lived in Turkey, France, Norway, and finally Mexico（他曾在土耳其、法国和挪威生活过，最后来到了墨西哥）。表示某事经历了较长的时间或过程后发生，则用 in the end, 例如，Perhaps the police got him in the end（也许警方最终抓到了他），In the end, Peter seemed quite happy（最后，彼得似乎很开心）。lastly用于谈论一连串人或事物的最后一个或一件：I went through the bathroom, the bedroom, and lastly the sitting room（浴室、卧室最后连客厅我都找遍了）。last of all 则用来强调在提到的人或事物之后再无他人或其他事物，例如，Last of all came the cat（最后出场的是猫）。

15 PHRASE 终于；最后；到底 If you say that something has happened at last or at long last you mean it has happened after you have been hoping for it for a long time. 终于；最后；到底

  • I'm so glad that we've found you at last!.

    我们终于找到你了，我真是太高兴了！

  • Here, at long last, was the moment he had waited for.

    他等待已久的时刻终于到来。

  • At last the train arrived in the station.

    火车终于到站了。

  • 'All right', he said at last. 'You may go.'

    “好吧”，他终于开口道，“你可以走了。”

SYN finally, eventually, in the end, ultimately
16 PHRASE 前天晚上／ 上上次选举／上上任领导人 You use expressions such as the night before last ,the election before last and the leader before last to refer to the period of time, event, or person that came immediately before the most recent one in a series. 前天晚上／ 上上次选举／上上任领导人

  • It was the dog he'd heard the night before last.

    他前晚听到的是狗叫声。

  • In the budget before last a tax penalty on the mobile phone was introduced.

    上上次的预算案中对移动电话引入了惩罚性税收。

17 PHRASE 气绝；断气；咽气 If someone breathes their last, they die. 气绝；断气；咽气
18 PHRASE 倒数第二／倒数第三／ 倒数第四 You can use phrases such as the last but one, the last but two, or the last but three, to refer to the thing or person that is, for example, one, two, or three before the final person or thing in a group or series. 倒数第二／倒数第三／ 倒数第四

  • It's the last but one day in the athletics programme.

    那是田径比赛结束的前一天。

  • The British team finished last but one.

    英国队位列倒数第二。

19 PHRASE [PHRASE n] 所有；全部 You use every last to emphasize that you are talking about all the people or things in a group or all the parts of something. 所有；全部 [emphasis]

  • I'd spent all I had, every last penny.

    我把钱全部花光了，一分不剩。

  • You'll never quite get rid of every last bit of grit.

    无法把所有的沙砾都清除干净。

  • My tape recorder did not catch every last word.

    我的录音机并没有把每一个字都录下来。

20 PHRASE （需要裁员时首先解雇新员工的）“后进先出”原则 The expression last in, first out is used to say that the last person who started work in an organization should be the first person to leave it, if fewer people are needed. （需要裁员时首先解雇新员工的）“后进先出”原则

  • Workers will go on a 'last in, first out' basis.

    对工人的裁员原则是“后进先出”。

21 PHRASE 我/她最近一次听到有关…的消息；最新消息 You can use expressions such as the last I heard and the last she heard to introduce a piece of information that is the most recent that you have on a particular subject. 我/她最近一次听到有关…的消息；最新消息

  • The last I heard, Joe and Irene were still happily married.

    我最近一次听说时，乔和艾琳仍然是一对快乐的夫妻。

22 PHRASE 把…留到最后 If you leave something or someone until last, you delay using, choosing, or dealing with them until you have used, chosen, or dealt with all the others. 把…留到最后

  • I have left my best wine until last.

    我把最好的酒留到了最后。

  • I picked first all the people who usually were left till last.

    我先挑出了所有通常留到最后的人。

23 PHRASE [VERB inflects] 不再见到某人 If you see the last of someone, you do not expect to see them or deal with them again. 不再见到某人

  • I honestly thought I'd seen the last of you.

    老实说我以为再也不用见到你了。

24 PHRASE [PHRASE after verb] [PHRASE after verb] 贯穿（全书、整部电影或整件事情） If you say that something goes on happening to the last, you mean that it happens throughout the whole of a book, film, or event. 贯穿（全书、整部电影或整件事情）

  • ...a highly readable political thriller with plenty of twists of plot to keep you guessing to the last.

    一部可读性极强的政治惊悚小说，情节峰回路转，不到最后一刻绝对猜不中结局

25 PHRASE 一直，始终（为某一类人） If you say that someone is a particular kind of person to the last, you are emphasizing that they continue to be that kind of person. 一直，始终（为某一类人）

  • A gentleman to the last, he did not run, but merely attempted to stroll away.

    他始终保持绅士风度，没有拔脚就跑，只是试图移步走开。

  • Armstrong was tall and handsome to the last.

    阿姆斯特朗从来都是这么高大、英俊。

26 PHRASE [PHRASE after verb] （表示全部包括在内）任何一丝细节/ 每一个人 You use expressions such as to the last detail and to the last man to indicate that a plan, situation, or activity includes every single person, thing, or part involved. （表示全部包括在内）任何一丝细节/ 每一个人

  • Every movement, no matter how casual and spontaneous, needs to be worked out to the last detail.

    对每一个动作，无论它显得多么随意和无意识，都不能放过一丝细节。

  • Our troops are being used up to the last man.

    我们的部队已人尽其用。

27 last breath→see: breath  to have the last laugh→see: laugh  last-minute→see: minute  someone's last stand→see: stand  the last straw→see: straw  last thing→see: thing 
Phrasal verbs:
last out
Quotations
Many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first Bible: St. Mark
Usage
Usagelast and latter
Both last and latter refer to the final person or thing mentioned. Use last when more than two persons or things have been mentioned: Whales, dolphins, and sharks all have fins and live in the ocean, but only the last is a fish. Use latter when exactly two persons or things have been mentioned: Jorge and Ana applied for the same scholarship, which was awarded to the latter.
Trends of last
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