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IELTS BNC: 1074 COCA: 1522
damage

noun¹

 1harm/injury危害；損傷ADJECTIVE | VERB + DAMAGE | DAMAGE + VERB | DAMAGE + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤considerable, enormous, great, heavy, massive, serious, severe, significant, substantial, untold重大的損害；嚴重的損害；不可估量的損害◇The power plant will cause untold damage to the local environment.電站將會對當地環境造成不可估量的損害。➤minimal, minor, slight最小的／較小的／輕微的損害▸➤extensive, widespread大範圍的破壞；大面積的損害▸➤irreparable, irreversible, lasting, long-term, permanent不可彌補的／無法挽回的／持久的／長期的／永久的損害◇The incident did permanent damage to relations between the two countries.這起事件對兩國關係造成了永久的損害。➤potential潛在的損害▸➤criminal, malicious, wilful (all BrE, law法律) 刑事損害；蓄意損毀◇He was prosecuted for criminal damage to a vehicle.他被控對汽車存在刑事損害。➤accidental意外損害◇The insurance policy covers the building for accidental damage.這份保單承保這座建築的意外毀損。➤emotional, environmental, mechanical, physical, psychological, structural感情傷害；環境破壞；機械損傷；身體傷害；精神傷害；結構損壞▸➤brain, liver, nerve, etc.腦部、肝臟、神經等損傷◇She suffered serious brain damage at birth.她出生時腦部嚴重損傷。➤property財產損失▸➤collateral附帶傷害VERB + DAMAGE➤cause, do, inflict引起損害；造成損傷；加以傷害◇The earthquake caused widespread damage to property.地震造成了大範圍的財產損失。◇They inflicted severe psychological damage on their opponents.他們給對手造成了極大的心理傷害。➤suffer, sustain遭受破壞；蒙受損失▸➤repair彌補損失▸➤pay for賠償損失▸➤assess評估損失▸➤avoid, prevent避免／防止損失▸➤limit, minimize, reduce限制／最大限度減少／減少損失DAMAGE + VERB➤occur, result損失發生／產生DAMAGE + NOUN➤assessment, report損失評估／報告➤control, limitation (especially BrE) 損失控制／限制◇Serious damage control was needed after the information was leaked to the papers.信息泄露給報界後，需要採取嚴格的損失控制措施。◇The attempt at stopping the floods turned into a damage-limitation exercise.阻止洪水的奮戰變成了一場盡可能控制損失的演練。PREPOSITION➤damage by由⋯引起的損害◇The building suffered extensive damage by fire in 1925.這座建築在 1925 年因火災遭到了大面積的損毀。➤damage from來自⋯的傷害◇Crops are sprayed with chemicals to prevent damage from insects.莊稼噴上了農藥預防蟲害。➤damage to對⋯的破壞◇lasting damage to the environment對環境的持久破壞PHRASES➤the cost of the damage損失的代價◇The cost of the damage is estimated at around $2 billion.損失估計約有 20 億美元。➤the damage is done事已至此（已無法挽回）◇Don't try to apologize－the damage is done.別道歉了 － 已於事無補了。➤the extent of the damage損害的程度◇At the moment it is difficult to assess the extent of the damage.損毀程度目前還很難估計。
damage

noun²

 2damages money you can claim from sb損害賠償金ADJECTIVE | VERB + DAMAGES | DAMAGES + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤civil民事賠償金▸➤substantial巨額賠償金➤punitive懲罰性損害賠償金VERB + DAMAGES➤incur, suffer引發／遭受損害賠償◇damages incurred by the unfairly sacked workers不公平解雇工人引發的損害賠償➤claim, seek, sue (sb) for索賠；尋求賠償；起訴（某人）要求賠償◇He decided to sue the company for damages.他決定起訴這家公司要求賠償損失。➤assess確定賠償額◇The court will assess the damages.法庭將會評定損失賠償額。➤award (sb)判給（某人）損害賠償金▸➤pay (sb)賠償（某人）損失▸➤obtain, receive, recover, win獲得損害賠償金；收到損害賠償金▸➤be liable for, be liable in (BrE, both law法律) 有責任賠償損失◇If goods are lost in transit, the carrier will be liable for damages.貨物若在運輸途中丟失，承運人有責任賠償。DAMAGES + NOUN➤action, claim損害賠償訴訟；索賠◇A woman is to bring a civil damages claim against the two men.一名女子要對這兩名男子提起民事賠償訴訟。➤award損害賠償金裁決PREPOSITION➤in damage以賠償金形式◇They are claiming $5 million in damages.他們索賠 500 萬美元損失費。➤damage for為⋯的賠償◇He received damages for personal injury.他拿到了人身傷害賠償金。➤damage of⋯的賠償金◇She was awarded damages of £90 000.她得到 9 萬英鎊的賠償金。PHRASES➤an action for damages, a claim for damages索賠訴訟；索賠◇The judge upheld her claim for damages against her former employer.法官支持她向以前的雇主索賠。
damage

verb

ADVERB➤badly, heavily, seriously, severely嚴重破壞◇The building was badly damaged by fire.這座建築遭到大火嚴重破壞。➤slightly輕微破壞▸➤irreparably, permanently不可彌補地破壞；永久性地破壞◇She may have damaged her health irreparably.她可能已經對自己的健康造成了不可彌補的傷害。

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