In addition to the uses shown below, without is used in the phrasal verbs ‘do without’, ‘go without’, and ‘reckon without’.
除下列用法外,without 还可用于 do without, go without 和 reckon without 等短语动词中。
1PREP 缺乏;没有;不用 You use without to indicate that someone or something does not have or use the thing mentioned. 缺乏;没有;不用
I don't like myself without a beard.
我不喜欢自己没胡子的样子。
She wore a brown shirt pressed without a wrinkle.
她穿着一件熨烫得没有一点儿褶儿的棕色衬衫。
...a meal without barbecue sauce.
没有烧烤酱的一顿饭
2PREP 在没有(发生或做某事)的情况下 If one thing happens without another thing, or if you do something without doing something else, the second thing does not happen or occur. 在没有(发生或做某事)的情况下
He was offered a generous pension provided he left without a fuss.
他如果一声不吭地离开,就会获得一笔丰厚的养老金。
They worked without a break until about eight in the evening.
他们一刻不停地干到晚上8点钟左右。
Alex had done this without consulting her.
亚历克斯这么做事先并没有跟她商量。
3PREP 没有,不带(某种感情) If you do something without a particular feeling, you do not have that feeling when you do it. 没有,不带(某种感情)
Janet Magnusson watched his approach without enthusiasm.
珍妮特·马格努森冷冷地看着他走过来。
'Hello, Swanson,' he said without surprise.
“你好,斯旺森。”他说话的时候并未显得惊讶。
4PREP …不在场;没有…参加 If you do something without someone else, they are not in the same place as you are or are not involved in the same action as you. …不在场;没有…参加
I told Franklin he would have to start dinner without me.