become ♦︎ get ♦︎ go ♦︎ grow ♦︎ come ♦︎ turnThese verbs all mean to start to be sth or to change from one state or condition to another.这些动词均表示开始变得、变成。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to get / grow / come to know / like sb / sth◆to become / get / grow / turn cold / warm / chilly◆to become / get / grow fat / old◆to become / get / grow angry / hungry / tired◆to become / get annoyed / confused / involved / worried◆to become / get / grow used / accustomed to sth◆to become / get engaged / pregnant◆to become / go / turn red / white / blue, etc.◆to become / go blind / crazy / mad◆to become / come loose◆to go / turn bad / sour■become(became, become)to start to be sth开始变得;变成◆She was becoming confused.她开始糊涂了。◆It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary.靠他的工资越来越难以维持生计了。◆She became queen in 1952.她于1952年登基为女王。◆The bill will become law next year.该议案将于明年成为法律。■get(getting, got, got; NAmEspokengetting, got, gotten)to reach, or make sb/sth/yourself reach, a particular state or condition; to reach the point at which you feel, know, are, etc. sth(使)达到,进入;开始(感觉到、认识到、成为等);达到⋯地步(或程度)◆You'll soon get used to the climate here.你很快会习惯这儿的气候。◆We ought to go; it's getting late.我们该走了,时候不早了。◆to get dressed / undressed(= to put your clothes on / take your clothes off)穿上/脱下衣服◆They plan to get married in the summer.他们打算夏天结婚。◆She's upstairs getting ready.她在楼上做准备。◆Don't get your dress dirty!别把你的连衣裙弄脏!◆She soon got the children ready for school.她很快就让孩子们准备好了去上学。◆You'll like her once you get to know her.你一旦了解她就会喜欢她。◆She's getting to be an old lady now.她现在都快成老太婆了。NOTE辨析 Become or get?Both these verbs can describe changes in sb's state or condition.这两个动词均可指人的状态或境况的改变◆to become / get tired / cold / angry / scared / pregnant / thin / old / better累了;变冷;生气了;害怕了;怀孕了;变瘦;变老;变好In general, become is more formal than get, and get is more frequent in spoken language. However, there are some cases where you can only use one of these words.一般来说,become较get正式,get较常用于口语中。不过,有些情况只能用其中的一个◆I became / got hungry / upset(= verb + adjective).我饿了;我心烦意乱起来。(在动词 + 形容词结构中,一般情况下用become或get均可)◆She became Queen / a teacher / a member of the club(= verb + noun).她成为了女王/教师/俱乐部的会员。(在动词 + 名词结构中,只能用become)◆She got Queen, etc.◆Don't get your dress dirty(= verb + noun + adjective)!别把你的连衣裙弄脏了!(在动词 + 名词 + 形容词结构中,只能用get)◆Don't become your dress dirty!◆It took me a long time to get to know her properly(= verb + to + infinitive).我花了很长时间才真正了解她。(在动词 + 带to不定式结构中,只能用get)◆to become to know herUse get for changes that are the result of deliberate actions by you or sb else.描述自己或他人有意的行为所带来的变化,用get◆to get dressed / married / divorced / killed / mugged / fired穿好衣服;结婚;离婚;被杀;遭到抢劫;被解雇◆to become dressed/married, etc.There are also some adjectives that you can only use with become (not get). These include adjectives connected with ability (able/unable/proficient/skilled), knowledge (aware, certain, convinced), availability (available, common, extinct, useful) and clarity (clear, obvious, evident, apparent).有些形容词只能与become而不能与get连用,这些形容词包括表示能力的able、unable、proficient和skilled,表示认知的aware、certain和convinced,表示可获性和可用度的available、common、extinct和useful,以及表示明晰的clear、obvious、evident和apparent。■go(goes, went, gone)to become different in a particular way, especially a bad way; to reach a particular state or condition(尤指朝坏的方面)变成,变为,变得;进入⋯状态;处于⋯状况◆Her hair is going grey.她的头发日渐花白。◆This milk has gone sour.这牛奶馊了。◆The children went wild with excitement.孩子们欣喜若狂。◆She went to sleep.她睡着了。◆That colour has gone out of fashion.那种颜色已经过时了。ⓘ Go is often used to talk about changes in colour (to go red/white/grey) and other, especially negative, changes (to go mad/bad/bald/crazy/wrong/bankrupt). * go常用以指颜色的变化和负面变化,如to go red/white/grey(变红;变白;变灰白);to go mad/bad/bald/crazy/wrong/bankrupt(发疯;变坏;谢顶;发狂;出毛病;破产)。■grow(grew, grown)to begin to have a particular quality or feeling over a period of time; to gradually begin to do sth逐渐变得;逐渐成为;逐渐开始◆The skies grew dark and it began to rain.天渐渐黑了,下起雨来。◆As time went on he grew more and more impatient.时间久了,他越来越没有耐性。◆I'm sure you'll grow to like her in time.我肯定你会慢慢喜欢上她的。ⓘ Grow is used to talk about changes that happen over a period of time rather than suddenly. It is often used with comparative adjectives to show this gradual change. * grow指在一段时间内逐渐发生变化,而非突然变化。常与形容词比较级连用,以示渐变◆She suddenly grew angry.◆She grew braver with time.时间慢慢过去,她变得更勇敢了。■come(come, come)to become; to reach a point where you realize, understand or believe sth成为;变成;达到(认识、理解或相信的程度)◆The buttons had come undone.纽扣都松开了。◆Everything will come right in the end.一切最终都会好起来的。◆I've come to expect this kind of behaviour from him.对于他的这种举止我渐渐不感到意外了。NOTE辨析 Grow and comeIn this meaning, these two verbs are either followed by an adjective (come loose/grow calm), or by 'to' + infinitive (I came/grew to realize, understand, believe, etc.).表达此义时,这两个动词后接形容词或带to的不定式,如come loose/grow calm(松了;平静下来);I came/grew to realize, understand, believe, etc.(我逐渐认识到/理解/相信等)。■turnto change into a particular state or condition; to make sth do this(使)变成,成为◆The leaves were turning brown.叶子变黄了。◆He turned nasty when we refused to give him the money.我们不给他钱时,他立刻露出凶相。◆She turned a deathly shade of white when she heard the news.她听到这个消息时面如死灰。◆He's a lawyer turned politician(= he used to be a lawyer but is now a politician).他以前是个律师,现在从政。ⓘ Turn is used to talk about colours * turn用来表示颜色变化◆to turn blue / red / white;变蓝;变红;变白about changes in the weather天气变化◆to turn cold / warm / chilly变得寒冷/温暖/阴冷and negative changes和负面变化◆to turn nasty / mean / sour / bad变得凶恶/卑鄙;馊了;变坏
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