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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
scratch
skrætʃ skrætʃ skrætʃ
Word forms: plural , 3rd person singular present tense scratches, present participle scratching, past tense , past participle scratched
1 VERB 给…搔痒;给…挠痒 If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching. 给…搔痒;给…挠痒

  • He scratched himself under his arm. [VERB pronoun-reflexive]

    他在胳膊下面挠了挠。

  • The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side. [VERB noun]

    老人撩起开襟毛衣挠了挠身体的一侧。

  • I had to wear long sleeves to stop myself scratching. [VERB]

    我只好穿上长袖衣服以免自己挠痒。

SYN rub, scrape, claw at
2 VERB 划伤;划出痕迹 If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface. 划伤;划出痕迹

  • The branches tore at my jacket and scratched my hands and face. [VERB noun]

    树枝刮破了我的夹克，划伤了我的手和脸。

  • Knives will scratch the worktop. [VERB noun]

    小刀会在工作台上留下划痕。

SYN mark, cut, score, damage
3 N-COUNT 划痕;擦痕 Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts. 划痕;擦痕

  • The seven-year-old was found crying with scratches on his face and neck. [+ on/to]

    那名 7 岁男孩被发现时正在哭泣，脸部和颈部都有划伤。

  • I pointed to a number of scratches in the tile floor.

    我指向地板砖上的一道道划痕。

SYN mark, scrape, graze, blemish
4 PHRASE 从零开始;从头做起;白手起家 If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before. 从零开始;从头做起;白手起家

  • Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging.

    建立一个全新的家庭既让人兴奋又富于挑战。

  • Hong Kong's manufacturing industry did not start from scratch in the post-war period.

    战后，香港制造业的兴起并非从零开始。

5 PHRASE 苦苦琢磨;绞尽脑汁 If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle. 苦苦琢磨;绞尽脑汁

  • The Institute spends a lot of time scratching its head about how to boost American productivity.

    该协会花费大量时间苦苦思索如何提高美国的生产力。

6 PHRASE 触及表面;隔靴搔痒;浅尝辄止 If you only scratch the surface of a subject or problem, you find out or do a small amount, but not enough to understand or solve it. 触及表面;隔靴搔痒;浅尝辄止

  • Officials say they've only scratched the surface of the drug problem. [+ of]

    官员们说他们只是触及了毒品问题的表面。

  • We had only two weeks to tour Malaysia, which was hardly enough time to scratch the surface.

    我们只有两周的时间游览马来西亚，连走马观花都来不及。

7 PHRASE 达到标准;合格;令人满意 If you say that someone or something is not up to scratch, you mean that they are not good enough. 达到标准;合格;令人满意

  • My mother always made me feel I wasn't coming up to scratch.

    母亲总是使我觉得自己不够优秀。

Trends of scratch
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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
scratch

noun

ADJECTIVE | VERB + SCRATCH | SCRATCH + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤deep, long, nasty深深的／長長的／難看的擦痕▸➤light, little, minor, slight, small輕微劃痕；小擦痕；淺淺的擦痕◇His only injuries were some minor scratches above his eye.他僅在眼睛上方有些輕微的擦傷。➤a few, numerous幾處／無數擦痕➤cat貓的抓痕VERB + SCRATCH➤have有擦痕➤get受到擦傷➤leave, make留下擦痕◇Powdered cleansers will leave scratches on the glass.清潔粉會在玻璃上留下擦痕。SCRATCH + NOUN➤mark擦痕PREPOSITION➤without a scratch毫發無損◇She emerged from the wrecked vehicle without a scratch.她安然無恙地從撞毀車輛中鑽了出來。
scratch

verb

ADVERB | PREPOSITION ADVERB➤badly嚴重地刮傷◇The table had been badly scratched.桌子被刮得傷痕纍纍。➤absently (especially NAmE) 心不在焉地撓◇He absently scratched his head.他心不在焉地撓了撓頭。➤lightly輕輕刮PREPOSITION➤at撓⋯◇He scratched at his beard for a few seconds.他抓了幾下鬍子。◇I could hear the dog scratching at the door.我聽見狗在撓門。➤on在⋯上劃傷◇I scratched my arm on a rose bush.我被玫瑰花叢劃傷了胳膊。➤with用⋯抓◇She scratched his face with her nails.她用指甲抓傷了他的臉。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
scratch noun
⇨ injuryscratch verb
⇨ scratch 1 (scratch yourself on sth) ⇨ scratch 2 (a cat scratches) ⇨ creak (mice scratch)scratch1

verb

 scratch yourself on a nail 在钉子上划了自己一下scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 挠被虫叮的包；猫挠人scratch ♦︎ scrape ♦︎ rub ♦︎ scuff ♦︎ grazeThese words all mean to damage a surface or to remove sth from it by moving sth sharp and hard across it. 这些词均表示擦破、划破、磨破。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to scratch sth / scrape sth / rub / scuff sth / graze sth on sth◆to scrape / graze your knee / knuckles / elbow / shin◆to scratch / scrape / graze a surface◆to scratch / scuff / graze sth badly■ scratch [transitive] to damage the surface of sth, especially accidentally, by making thin shallow marks on it; to cut or damage your skin slightly with sth sharp （尤指意外地）擦破，划损，刮坏；划破，划伤（皮肤）◆Be careful not to scratch the furniture.小心别刮坏了家具。◆The car's paintwork is badly scratched.汽车的漆面划损得很严重。◆I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding.我把腿划破流血了。◆She scratched herself on a nail.她在钉子上划了一下。   see also scratch ⇨ injury noun ■ scrape [transitive] to rub sth accidentally against sth rough, so that it gets damaged or hurt （意外地）擦坏，擦伤，刮坏，蹭破◆I scraped the side of my car on the wall.我的车一侧被墙刮了。◆Sorry, I've scraped some paint off the car.抱歉，我把车刮掉了一块漆。◆She fell and scraped her knee.她摔了一跤，把膝盖蹭破了。◆The wire had scraped the skin from her fingers.她的手指被金属丝刮掉了皮。NOTE 辨析 Scratch or scrape?If you scratch a surface you make a long thin line on it; if you scrape it, you usually make a wider mark. If you scratch a part of your body, the damage is not very bad; if you scrape it, the damage is usually a little greater. 表示擦伤物体表面时，scratch指在上面留下细长的道子，scrape通常指在上面留下较宽的痕迹。表示擦伤身体某个部位时，scratch伤得不严重，scrape则通常伤得略严重些。■ rub (-bb-) [intransitive](of a surface) to move backwards and forwards many times against sth while pressing it, especially causing pain or damage （表面）磨，摩擦（尤指引起疼痛或造成损害）◆The back of my shoe is rubbing.我的鞋后跟磨脚。◆The wheel is rubbing on the mudguard.车轮蹭着挡泥板了。◆The horse's neck was rubbed raw (= until the skin came off) where the rope had been.马脖子上拴过缰绳的地方皮都给磨掉了。■ scuff [transitive] to make a mark on the smooth surface of sth when you rub it against sth rough 磨损，磨坏（光滑表面）◆I scuffed the heel of my shoe on the stonework.我的鞋跟被铺石路面磨坏了。■ graze [transitive] to break the surface of your skin by rubbing it against sth rough 擦伤，擦破（皮肤）◆I fell and grazed my knee.我摔了一跤，擦伤了膝盖。◆He grazed his elbow on a sharp piece of rock.他的手肘被一块尖石划伤了。   see also graze ⇨ injury noun NOTE 辨析 Scrape or graze? Graze is only used to talk about parts of the body; scrape can be used to talk about damaging many types of surface. Scrape places more emphasis on the action; graze places more emphasis on the injury. * graze仅指擦伤身体某部位，scrape可用于多种表面。scrape更强调擦伤的动作，graze更强调所受的损伤。scratch2

verb

 scratch yourself on a nail 在钉子上划了自己一下scratch at an insect bite/a cat scratches 挠被虫叮的包；猫挠人scratch ♦︎ clawThese words both mean to rub or tear sth with claws or nails. 这两个词均表示用爪子或指甲搔、挠、抓。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to scratch / claw at sth◆to scratch / claw sth with sth◆to scratch / claw sb frantically■ scratch [transitive, intransitive] to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching (= making you feel uncomfortable); to cut sb's skin slightly with your nails 挠，搔（痒处）；抓破，抓伤（皮肤）◆John yawned and scratched his chin.约翰打了个哈欠，挠了挠下巴。◆Try not to scratch.尽量别挠。◆She scratched at the insect bites on her arm.她挠了挠胳膊上被虫咬的包。◆She had obviously tried to scratch her attacker.显然她曾试图抓伤袭击她的人。◆Does the cat scratch?这只猫挠人吗？■ claw [intransitive, transitive] to scratch or tear sb/sth with claws (= one of the sharp curved nails on an animal's or bird's foot) or with your fingernails （用爪子或指甲）抓，撕，挠◆The cat was clawing at the leg of the chair.那只猫在抓挠椅子腿。◆She had clawed Stephen across the face.她曾抓过斯蒂芬的脸。ⓘ When it is used to describe people's actions, claw is mostly used in literary writing, and may be used to talk about particularly desperate or violent acts. * claw表示人的行为时主要出现在文学作品中，可指抓扯得特别拼命或粗暴◆She flew at him, clawing blindly with her nails.她朝他扑过去，手指到处乱抓。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644

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