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IELTS BNC: 1016 COCA: 1904
reference
refərəns ˈrɛfərəns ˈrɛfərəns ˈrɛfrəns
Word forms: plural , 3rd person singular present tense , plural references, present participle referencing, past tense , past participle referenced
1 N-VAR

提及；談到 Reference to someone or something is the act of talking about them or mentioning them. A reference is a particular example of this. 提及；談到

  • He made no reference to any agreement. [+ to]

    他沒有提到什麽協議。

  • The crowd chanted 'No Poll Tax', a reference to the government's new local taxation system.

    人群高呼“不要人頭稅”，指的是政府新確立的地方稅收制度。

  • He summed up his philosophy, with reference to Calvin.

    他總結了自己的哲學，還提及了加爾文。

SYN allusion, note, comment, mention
2 N-UNCOUNT

咨詢;征詢;參考;查閱 Reference is the act of consulting someone or something in order to get information or advice. 咨詢;征詢;參考;查閱

  • This might be done without reference to Parliament.

    這件事情也許可以繞過國會直接進行。

  • Please keep this sheet in a safe place for reference.

    請把這張紙放在穩妥之處以備查閱。

3 ADJ [ADJ n]

（書）供參考的 Reference books are ones that you look at when you need specific information or facts about a subject. （書）供參考的

  • There are several reference books which have been compiled to help you make your choice.

    有幾本參考書專門幫你作出選擇。

  • ...a useful reference work for teachers.

    有用的教師參考書

4 N-COUNT

引語；引用的觀點；引證 A reference is a word, phrase, or idea which comes from something such as a book, poem, or play and which you use when making a point about something. 引語；引用的觀點；引證

  • ...a reference from the Quran.

    引自《古蘭經》的引文

  • ...historical references.

    歷史引證

5 N-COUNT

（方便查詢的）編號，標記，索引 A reference is something such as a number or a name that tells you where you can obtain the information you want. （方便查詢的）編號，標記，索引

  • ...a map reference.

    地圖索引

  • Make a note of the reference number shown on the form.

    把表格上的編碼記下來。

6 N-COUNT

介紹信;推薦信 A reference is a letter that is written by someone who knows you and which describes your character and abilities. When you apply for a job, an employer might ask for references . 介紹信;推薦信

  • The firm offered to give her a reference.

    公司主動給她開具介紹信。

SYN testimonial, recommendation, credentials, endorsement
7 N-COUNT

（求職等時的）推薦人，介紹人，證明人 A reference is a person who gives you a reference, for example when you are applying for a job. （求職等時的）推薦人，介紹人，證明人 [mainly US]
in BRIT, usually use 英國英語通常用 referee
8 VERB

引用，參照（某書或某作者） If you reference a particular book or writer, you make a precise reference to them in what you are saying or writing. 引用，參照（某書或某作者）

  • It specifically referenced Hermann Noordung's classic 1928 book on this subject. [VERB noun]

    在這一問題上它特别參照了赫爾曼·諾丁1928年的經典之作。

SYN refer to, mention, cite, speak of
9 PHRASE

（保留信息）以備將來之用 If you keep information for future reference, you keep it because it might be useful in the future. （保留信息）以備將來之用

  • Read these notes carefully and keep them for future reference.

    仔細閱讀這些注釋並將其保留下來以備將來之用。

10 PREP-PHRASE

關於… You use with reference to or in reference to in order to indicate what something relates to. 關於…

  • I am writing with reference to your article on salaries for scientists.

    我寫此信是爲了回應你那篇探討科學家薪水的文章。

  • I'm calling in reference to your series on prejudice.

    我打電話是要談談你寫的有關“偏見”的系列文章。

11 See also:

cross-reference  frame of reference  point of reference  terms of reference 
Word Partnership
Word PartnershipUse reference with:
ADJ.

clear reference, specific reference 1 4

quick reference 2

N.

reference books, reference materials 3

reference number 5

Trends of reference
View usage for:All yearsLast 10 yearsLast 50 yearsLast 100 yearsLast 300 years
IELTS BNC: 1016 COCA: 1904
reference

noun¹

 1mentioning sb/sth談到ADJECTIVE | VERB + REFERENCE | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤extensive廣泛提及▸➤brief, casual, passing簡要提及；隨口提到；順便提及▸➤occasional偶爾提及▸➤frequent, repeated頻頻提起；再三提及▸➤constant不斷提及▸➤further進一步的涉及◇They could find no further reference to Mr LaMotte in the records.他們找不到有關拉莫特先生更多的記錄了。➤general一般性的提及▸➤particular, special, specific特別涉及；具體指明◇She won a grant to study political science with special reference to China.她獲得了專門研究中國政治的政治學獎學金。➤direct, explicit, express (law法律, especially BrE) , overt直接提及；直截了當的提及；明確的提及；公開提到▸➤cryptic, indirect, oblique, obscure, subtle, vague, veiled隱晦的提及；間接提到；巧妙的提及；模糊的提及▸➤clear, obvious清楚的提到；明顯提及▸➤ambiguous模稜兩可的提到➤early早期提到◇one of the earliest references to the game of chess最早提到象棋的資料之一➤biblical, cultural, historical, literary, religious《聖經》指涉；文化指涉；歷史上提及；文學指涉；宗教指涉▸➤written書面提及VERB + REFERENCE➤contain, have, include包含指涉；有提及◇Her diary contains no reference to the alleged appointment.她的日記上根本沒記什麼所謂的約會。➤drop, make無意中提及；提到◇He dropped casual references to the legacy of his great work.他不經意地提到他的巨著的影響。◇The article makes no reference to his first marriage.這篇文章隻字未提他的第一次婚姻。➤delete, drop, omit, remove不提◇The new constitution dropped all reference to previous wars.新憲法絲毫未提以前的戰爭。➤avoid避免提及▸➤find找到提及之處➤get, understand理解指涉◇The audience didn't get the references to colonialism.觀眾沒有理解其中涉及到的殖民主義的內容。PREPOSITION➤in a/the reference提及◇In an obvious reference to the president, he talked of corruption in high places.他談到了高層的貪污腐敗，明顯是在影射總統。➤in reference to, with reference to (in letters用於信函) 關於◇I am writing with reference to your job application.關於您申請工作一事，現特函回覆。➤reference to對⋯的提及◇The summary should be comprehensible without reference back to the source work.摘要應明白易懂，無需再提及原文。◇The book is filled with references to God.整本書滿是提及上帝的內容。
reference

noun²

 2consulting sb/sth for advice/help/information咨詢ADJECTIVE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤easy, quick容易查找；迅速查考◇The book is organized alphabetically for easy reference.為了便於查閱，這本書是按字母順序排列的。➤further, future進一步／日後參考PREPOSITION➤by reference to參照◇Our charges are calculated by reference to an hourly rate.我們的收費是按每小時固定費率計算的。➤for reference作為參考◇Retain a copy of the form for future reference.留一份表格以備日後參考。➤without reference to未徵求◇The decision was made without reference to local managers.此決定未徵求當地主管的意見。PHRASES➤for sb's own reference, for sb's personal reference供某人自己參考／私下參考◇I made a copy of your work, just for my own reference.我複印了一份你的作品，僅供我自己參考。➤for reference purposes作為參考◇She needs the book for reference purposes.她需要這本書作參考。➤a source of reference參考資料◇The book is an invaluable source of reference for the art historian.對藝術史學家們來說，這本參考書是無價之寶。
reference

noun³

 3book containing facts/information含事實或信息的書ADJECTIVE | REFERENCE + NOUN ADJECTIVE➤general綜合性的參考書◇The book is by far the best general reference on natural history.這本書是目前研究博物學最好的大全。➤comprehensive綜合性的參考書➤essential必不可少的參考書➤handy, useful手邊的／有用的參考書➤excellent, good絕佳的／出色的參考書➤standard標準的參考書➤online在線參考書◇an online reference tool在線參考工具REFERENCE + NOUN➤book, guide, manual, material, source, text, work參考書；參考指南；參考資料；參考文獻；參考作品➤tool參考工具（書）▸➤library參考書閱覽室▸➤section資料室◇You'll find the information in the reference section of your local library.你可以在當地圖書館的資料室裏找到相關信息。➤desk (= in a library) (especially NAmE) （圖書館）咨詢台➤librarian (especially NAmE) 參考書管理員
reference

noun⁴

 4number/note/symbol數字；註釋；標記ADJECTIVE | VERB + REFERENCE | REFERENCE + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤copious大量的參考▸➤full完備的參考書目◇For full references of all books cited, see Appendix B.所有參考書目的詳細信息見附錄 B。➤appropriate適當參考◇Please quote the appropriate reference in your letter.請在信中提供恰當的參考資料。➤bibliographic, bibliographical參考書目▸➤page頁碼索引▸➤grid, map格網參照；地圖點位號VERB + REFERENCE➤quote引用引文▸➤cite, give引述／提供出處◇References to original sources are given at the end of each chapter.每一章節後面提供了原始資料的出處。➤check核對出處REFERENCE + NOUN➤number參照號PREPOSITION➤in a/the reference在參考書目中◇The date of publication should be included in the reference.出版日期應包括在參考書目中。➤reference to參見◇a reference to page 17參見第 17 頁PHRASES➤a list of references參考資料目錄
reference

noun⁵

 5letter about your character/abilities介紹信ADJECTIVE | VERB + REFERENCE | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤glowing, good熱情洋溢的／有利的介紹信➤bad不利的介紹信▸➤character人品介紹信VERB + REFERENCE➤ask for索要介紹信➤need需要介紹信▸➤give (sb), provide (sb with), write (sb)（向某人）提供介紹信；（給某人）寫推薦信▸➤follow up, take up (BrE) 核實介紹信；與推薦人聯繫◇They've taken up my references (= contacted the people who provided them), so they must be interested in me.他們已聯繫了我的推薦人，一定是對我感興趣才這麼做的。PREPOSITION➤reference from⋯的推薦信◇a reference from your current employer現任僱主的推薦信PHRASES➤a letter of reference推薦信
reference

noun⁶

 6 (especially NAmE) recommends sb for a job推薦  ➡ see also referee VERB + REFERENCE | PREPOSITION VERB + REFERENCE➤act as, be做推薦人➤contact聯繫推薦人PREPOSITION➤reference for⋯的推薦人◇His former employer agreed to act as a reference for him.他的前任僱主答應做他的推薦人。
reference

noun⁷

 7standards by which sth is judged評判標準REFERENCE + NOUN | PHRASES REFERENCE + NOUN➤point基準點；參照點➤group參照組◇Gene frequencies were calculated then compared with the Finnish population as a reference group.先對基因頻率進行了計算，然後以芬蘭人口為參照組進行了對比。➤sample (science科學) 參照樣本PHRASES➤a frame of reference準則◇People interpret events within their own frame of reference.人們都根據自己的標準來解讀各類事件。➤a point of reference參照點◇Unemployment serves as a useful point of reference in examining social problems.失業情況是研究社會問題的有效參照。➤terms of reference (especially BrE) 授權範圍◇The matter was outside the committee's terms of reference.這件事已超出了委員會的授權範圍。
IELTS BNC: 1016 COCA: 1904
reference noun
⇨ reference (with reference to your letter of 22 July) ⇨ endorsement (a reference from your last employer) reference

noun

reference ♦︎ mention ♦︎ quote ♦︎ quotation ♦︎ citation ♦︎ allusionThese are all words for sth that you say or write that mentions or repeats sb/sth else. 這些詞均表示提到、談及。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a quote / quotation / citation (taken) from sb / sth◆in a reference / an allusion to sb / sth◆a brief reference / mention / allusion◆the earliest reference to / mention of sb / sth◆to make no reference to / mention of sb / sth◆to be full of references / allusions to sth◆This quote / quotation / citation comes from...■ reference [countable, uncountable] something that you say or write that mentions sb/sth else; the act of mentioning sb/sth 說到（或寫到）的事；提到；談及◆In an obvious reference to the president, she talked of corruption in high places.她談到高層人員的腐敗問題，顯然是在影射總統。◆She made no reference to her illness, but only to her future plans.她沒有提及自己的病，只說了未來的打算。◆ (formal, written) With reference to your letter of 22 July...關於你7月22日的來信⋯  see also refer to sb/sth ⇨ mention verb ■ mention [uncountable, countable, usually singular] the act of mentioning sb/sth; sth that you say or write that mentions sb/sth else 提到；談及；說到（或寫到）的事◆He went white at the mention of her name.提到她的名字時他臉色煞白。◆We have several other products worthy of mention.我們有其他幾種産品值得一提。◆The concert didn't even get a mention in the newspapers.各家報紙對這場音樂會只字未提。  see also mention ⇨ mention verb NOTE 辨析 Reference or mention? Reference is usually countable; the uncountable form is mostly used in fixed expressions in formal writing. Mention is more often uncountable; the countable form can be slightly informal, as in the phrase get a mention. * reference通常作可數名詞，不可數形式主要用於正式文章的固定用語中。mention較常作不可數名詞，可數形式稍偏非正式，如短語get a mention。■ quote [countable] (informal) words or lines taken from a book or play or sth that sb has said, and repeated because they are interesting or useful 引文；引語◆This quote comes from a poem by Robert Browning.這句引語出自羅伯特•勃朗甯的一首詩。◆The article included quotes from detectives who worked on the case.文中引述了辦理此案的偵探的話。■ quotation kwəʊˈteɪʃn; NAmE kwoʊˈteɪʃn [countable, uncountable] (formal or written) words or lines taken from a book, play, speech, etc. and repeated because they are interesting or useful; the act of repeating a quotation 引文；引語；語錄；引用◆The book began with a quotation from Goethe.這本書一開頭引用了歌德的隽語。◆The writer illustrates his point by quotation from a number of sources.作者旁征博引以證明自己的觀點。NOTE 辨析 Quote or quotation?Both these words can refer to words taken from writing or formal speeches. 這兩個詞均可指從著作或正式演講辭引用的話◆a quote / quotation from Shakespeare一條莎士比亞名言But only quote is used when repeating informal speech. 但引述非正式講話僅用quote◆quotations from detectives who worked on the case   see also quote ⇨ mention verb , quote ⇨ quote verb ■ citation saɪˈteɪʃn [countable, uncountable] (formal or written) a quotation from or reference to a book, piece or writing or author, especially in academic writing; the act of repeating a citation 引文；引語；（尤指學術著作中的）引述；引用◆The report contained several citations taken from her PhD thesis.該報告載有幾處取自她的博士論文的引文。◆Space does not permit the citation of examples.篇幅有限，示例從略。   see also cite ⇨ mention , cite ⇨ quote ■ allusion əˈluːʒn [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) something that is said or written that refers to another person or subject in an indirect way 間接提到的事；暗指；典故◆His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings.他的聲明被視爲暗指最近與毒品有關的多起兇殺案。◆Her poetry is full of obscure literary allusion.她的詩随處可見晦澀的文學典故。   see also allude to sb/sth ⇨ mention
IELTS BNC: 1016 COCA: 1904

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