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BNC: 125 COCA: 117
work
wɜːʳk wɜrk
Word forms: plural , 3rd person singular present tense works, present participle working, past tense , past participle worked
1 VERB 工作;从业;就职 People who work have a job, usually one which they are paid to do. 工作;从业;就职

  • Weiner works for the US Department of Transport.

    韦纳就职于美国交通部。

  • I started working in a recording studio. [VERB prep./adv.]

    我开始在一个录音棚工作。

  • Where do you work?. [VERB prep./adv.]

    你在哪儿工作？

  • He worked as a bricklayer's mate. [VERB + as]

    他给瓦工打下手。

  • I want to work, I don't want to be on welfare. [VERB]

    我想去工作，不想吃救济。

SYN be employed, do business, have a job, earn a living
2 N-UNCOUNT [oft in/out of N] 工作;职业 People who have work or who are in work have a job, usually one which they are paid to do. 工作;职业

  • Fewer and fewer people are in work.

    就业人数越来越少。

  • I was out of work at the time.

    那时我失业了。

  • She'd have enough money to provide for her children until she could find work.

    她在找到工作前应该有足够的钱供养孩子。

  • What kind of work do you do? [VERB prep./adv.]

    你是做什么工作的？

SYN employment, calling, business, job
3 VERB 工作;劳动;干活 When you work, you do the things that you are paid or required to do in your job. 工作;劳动;干活

  • I can't talk to you right now—I'm working. [VERB]

    这会儿我不能跟你说话—我在干活儿。

  • He was working at his desk. [VERB]

    他正在桌前用功。

  • Some firms expect the guards to work twelve hours a day. [VERB noun]

    有些公司要求保安每天工作12小时。

SYN task, jobs, projects, commissions
Usage Note :

  • The verb work has a different meaning in the continuous tenses than it does in the simple tenses. You use the continuous tenses, with the '-ing' form, to talk about a temporary job, but the simple tenses to talk about a permanent job. For example, if you say 'I'm working in London', this suggests that the situation is temporary and you may soon move to a different place. If you say 'I work in London', this suggests that London is your permanent place of work.

    动词 work 用于进行时和一般时时意义不同。用于进行时表示工作是临时性的，例如，I'm working in London (我目前在伦敦工作)暗示这种情形是暂时的，可能很快就会迁移到另一个地方。用于一般时则表示工作是固定的，例如，I work in London (我在伦敦工作)，暗示伦敦是固定的工作地点。

4 N-UNCOUNT 工作;活儿;活计 Your work consists of the things you are paid or required to do in your job. 工作;活儿;活计

  • We're supposed to be running a business here. I've got work to do.

    我们在这里应该是要经营公司。我有一堆的事情要做。

  • I used to take work home, but I don't do it any more.

    我过去常把活儿带回家干，不过我如今再也不这么做了。

  • There have been days when I have finished work at 2pm.

    有一段时间我凌晨两点才干完活儿。

  • ...an image of teaching which highlighted the stressful and difficult aspects of the teacher's work.

    突出显示了教师工作的压力和困难的教学场景

SYN task, jobs, projects, commissions
5 VERB 努力干;用功 When you work, you spend time and effort doing a task that needs to be done or trying to achieve something. 努力干;用功

  • Linda spends all her time working on the garden. [VERB prep.]

    琳达把所有时间都花在打理花园上。

  • While I was working on my letter the telephone rang. [VERB prep.]

    我正在写信，电话铃响了。

  • Leonard was working at his German. His mistakes made her laugh. [VERB prep.]

    伦纳德正在学习德语，他出的洋相让她哈哈大笑。

  • The most important reason for coming to university is to work for a degree. [VERB prep.]

    上大学最重要的原因就是要拿个学位。

  • The government expressed hope that all the sides will work towards a political solution. [VERB prep.]

    政府表示希望各方共同努力，制订出政治解决方案。

Work is also a noun.

  • There was a lot of work to do on their house.

    他们的房子有很多地方需要收拾。

  • We hadn't appreciated how much work was involved in organizing a wedding.

    我们没有意识到筹备婚礼有多少事情要做。

  • He said that the peace plan would be rejected because it needed more work.

    他说和平计划会被否决，因为还需要进一步修改。

6 N-UNCOUNT [usu to/at N] 工作单位;工作地点 Work is the place where you do your job. 工作单位;工作地点

  • Many people travel to work by car.

    很多人开车去上班。

  • She told her friends at work that she was trying to lose weight.

    她跟单位的朋友说她在努力减肥。

7 N-UNCOUNT 工作成果 Work is something which you produce as a result of an activity or as a result of doing your job. 工作成果

  • It can help to have an impartial third party look over your work.

    让客观公正的第三方看一下你的成果会有助益。

  • Tidiness in the workshop is really essential for producing good work.

    工作间干净整洁对于生产出好的产品非常重要。

  • That's a beautiful piece of work. You should be proud of it.

    那件作品非常漂亮，你应当为之自豪。

8 N-COUNT (艺术家、作家、作曲家等的)作品；著作 A work is something such as a painting, book, or piece of music produced by an artist, writer, or composer. (艺术家、作家、作曲家等的)作品；著作

  • In my opinion, this is Rembrandt's greatest work.

    我认为这是伦勃朗最伟大的作品。

  • Under his arm, there was a book which looked like the complete works of Shakespeare.

    他胳膊底下夹着一本书，看上去就像是夹了《莎士比亚全集》。

  • The church has several valuable works of art.

    教堂有几件珍贵的艺术品。

SYN creation, performance, piece, production
9 VERB 研究；对…作调查 If someone is working on a particular subject or question, they are studying or researching it. 研究；对…作调查

  • Professor Bonnet has been working for many years on molecules of this type. [VERB + on]

    邦尼特教授多年来一直在从事这种分子的研究工作。

Work is also a noun.

  • Their work shows that one-year-olds are much more likely to have allergies if either parent smokes.

    他们的研究表明，如果父母中有一人吸烟，一岁婴儿患过敏的可能性就会大大增加。

10 VERB 协助;帮助 If you work with a person or a group of people, you spend time and effort trying to help them in some way. 协助;帮助

  • She spent a period of time working with people dying of cancer. [V + with/among]

    她有一段时间曾帮助垂危的癌症患者。

  • He knew then that he wanted to work among the poor. [V with/among n]

    他那时明白了自己想帮助穷人。

Work is also a noun.

  • ...a highly respected priest who is noted for his work with the poor.

    以救助穷人闻名的备受尊敬的教士

  • She became involved in social and relief work among the refugees.

    她参加了帮助难民的社会救济工作。

11 VERB (机器或设备)运转，运行 If a machine or piece of equipment works, it operates and performs a particular function. (机器或设备)运转，运行

  • The pump doesn't work and we have no running water. [VERB]

    水泵坏了，我们没有自来水了。

  • Is the telephone working today?. [VERB]

    电话今天能用吗？

  • Ned turned on the lanterns, which worked with batteries. [VERB prep./adv.]

    内德打开开关亮起了装电池的灯笼。

  • How does the gun work? [VERB prep./adv.]

    这枪怎么用?

SYN function, go, run, operate
12 VERB 奏效;成功 If an idea, system, or way of doing something works, it is successful, effective, or satisfactory. 奏效;成功

  • 95 per cent of these diets do not work. [VERB]

    这些节食方法95%都不起作用。

  • If lust is all there is to hold you together, the relationship will never work. [VERB]

    如果肉欲是你们在一起的唯一理由，这种关系是不会持久的。

  • I shouldn't have come, I knew it wouldn't work. [VERB]

    我不应该来，我知道这起不了什么作用。

  • A methodical approach works best. [VERB adv.]

    有条不紊的方法效果最佳。

13 VERB (药物)起作用，产生疗效 If a drug or medicine works, it produces a particular physical effect. (药物)起作用，产生疗效

  • I wake at 6 am as the sleeping pill doesn't work for more than nine hours. [VERB]

    安眠药的药效不会超过9个小时，所以我清晨6点就醒了。

  • The drug works by increasing levels of serotonin in the brain. [VERB prep./adv.]

    这种药物通过提高大脑中血清素的含量来产生疗效。

14 VERB 产生(有利或不利的)影响 If something works in your favour, it helps you in some way. If something works to your disadvantage, it causes problems for you in some way. 产生(有利或不利的)影响

  • One factor thought to have worked in his favour is his working class image. [VERB prep.]

    据认为，一个帮上了他的因素就是他的工人阶级形象。

  • This obviously works against the interests of the child. [VERB prep.]

    这显然会对孩子不利。

15 VERB 对…产生(神奇的影响);使…深受（魅力感染） If something or someone works their magic or works their charms on a person, they have a powerful positive effect on them. 对…产生(神奇的影响);使…深受（魅力感染）

  • Nevertheless, she is always optimistic about the possibilities and can work her charm on the disenchanted. [VERB noun + on]

    虽然如此，她总是乐观地抱持希望，并能深深地感染那些心灰意冷的人。

  • Our spirits rallied as the bitter-sweet alcohol worked its magic. [VERB noun]

    苦中带甜的酒发挥了奇效，我们的精神随之振奋起来。

16 VERB (脑筋)转动，开动 If your mind or brain is working, you are thinking about something or trying to solve a problem. (脑筋)转动，开动

  • My mind was working frantically, running over the events of the evening. [VERB]

    我的大脑疯狂地运转，把那晚发生的事情飞快地一幕幕重演。

17 VERB 以(某种假定或思想)为基础(或前提) If you work on an assumption or idea, you act as if it were true or base other ideas on it, until you have more information. 以(某种假定或思想)为基础(或前提)

  • We are working on the assumption that it was a gas explosion. [VERB + on]

    我们假设这是一场燃气爆炸事故。

18 VERB 在(某地或某类场所)工作;在…奔波 If you work a particular area or type of place, you travel around that area or work in those places as part of your job, for example trying to sell something there. 在(某地或某类场所)工作;在…奔波

  • Brand has been working the clubs and the pubs since 1986, developing her comedy act. [VERB noun]

    布兰德自1986年以来一直在俱乐部和酒吧表演，提高她的喜剧演技。

  • This is the seventh year that he has worked the streets of Manhattan. [VERB noun]

    这是他在曼哈顿街头献艺的第7个年头。

19 VERB 让…干活；让…工作 If you work someone, you make them spend time and effort doing a particular activity or job. 让…干活；让…工作 [Also VERB n]

  • They're working me too hard. I'm too old for this. [VERB noun adv./prep.]

    他们把我用得太狠了，我老了，干不了这种活儿啦。

  • They didn't take my father away, but kept him in the village and worked him to death. [VERB noun adv./prep.]

    他们没有把我爸爸带走，而是一直让他在村里干活，把他活活累死了。

20 VERB (常指政客或艺人)博得，赢得(众人的支持或欢心) If someone, often a politician or entertainer, works a crowd, they create a good relationship with the people in the crowd and get their support or interest. (常指政客或艺人)博得，赢得(众人的支持或欢心)

  • The Prime Minister has an ability to work a crowd — some might even suggest it is a kind of charm. [VERB noun]

    首相有种感召人群的本事—有些人甚至认为这是一种魅力。

  • He worked the room like a politician, gripping hands, and slapping backs. [VERB noun]

    他又是握手，又是拍背，像个政客一样把一屋子的人都笼络了一番。

SYN handle, move, excite, manipulate
21 VERB 种，耕种(地) When people work the land, they do all the tasks involved in growing crops. 种，耕种(地)

  • Farmers worked the fertile valleys. [VERB noun]

    农民们在肥沃的山谷里耕种。

SYN cultivate, farm, dig, till
22 VERB 开采(矿) When a mine is worked, minerals such as coal or gold are removed from it. 开采(矿)

  • The mines had first been worked in 1849, when gold was discovered in California. [be VERB-ed]

    1849年加利福尼亚发现金矿时，这些矿第一次被开采。

  • Only an agreed number of men was allowed to work any given seam at any given time. [VERB noun]

    只有少数得到批准的人可以在特定时间开采特定的矿层。

23 VERB 使用，操纵(机器或设备) If you work a machine or piece of equipment, you use or control it. 使用，操纵(机器或设备)

  • Many adults still depend on their children to work the video. [VERB noun]

    很多成年人仍然要靠孩子来操作录像机。

24 VERB 慢慢变成;逐渐变得 If something works into a particular state or condition, it gradually moves so that it is in that state or condition. 慢慢变成;逐渐变得

  • A screw had worked loose from my glasses. [VERB adj.ive]

    我眼镜上有一个螺丝松了。

25 VERB 按，压，揉(面团、黏土等) If you work a substance such as dough or clay, you keep pressing it to make it have a particular texture. 按，压，揉(面团、黏土等)

  • Work the dough with the palm of your hand until it is very smooth. [VERB noun]

    用手掌将面团揉至光滑为止。

  • Remove rind from the cheese and work it to a firm paste, with a fork. [VERB noun prep./adv.]

    将奶酪的外皮去掉，用叉子将其压成硬硬的膏状。

SYN manipulate, make, form, process
26 VERB 加工;处理 If you work a material such as metal, leather, or stone, you cut, sew, or shape it in order to make something or to create a design. 加工;处理

  • ...the machines needed to extract and work the raw stone. [VERB noun]

    开采加工原石的机器

  • ...a long, cool tunnel of worked stone. [VERB-ed]

    一条跨度长且阴凉的石凿隧道

27 VERB 使用，采用(某种材料或物质) If you work with a particular substance or material, you use it in order to make something or to create a design. 使用，采用(某种材料或物质)

  • He studied sculpture because he enjoyed working with clay. [V with/in n]

    他学习雕塑是因为他喜欢玩黏土。

28 V-ERG (使)(身体某部分)活动 If you work a part of your body, or if it works, you move it. (使)(身体某部分)活动

  • Each position will work the muscles in a different way. [VERB noun]

    每种姿势都会以不同方式活动肌肉。

  • Her mouth was working in her sleep. [VERB]

    她睡着的时候嘴巴还在动。

29 N-COUNT-COLL [with singular or plural verb, usually n NOUN, NOUN n] 工厂 A works is a place where something is manufactured or where an industrial process is carried out. Works is used to refer to one or to more than one of these places. 工厂

  • The steel works could be seen for miles.

    这个钢厂几英里外都能看见。

  • ...a recycling works.

    回收工厂

  • ...the works canteen.

    工厂餐厅

30 N-PLURAL 土木工程;建筑工程 Works are activities such as digging the ground or building on a large scale. 土木工程;建筑工程

  • ...six years of disruptive building works, road construction and urban development.

    6年间进行的破坏性的建筑工程、道路修筑和城市扩建

31 N-SING [the NOUN] (某种类型的)全部物件，全套物品 You can say the works after listing things such as someone's possessions or requirements, to emphasize that they possess or require everything you can think of in a particular category. (某种类型的)全部物件，全套物品 [informal, emphasis]

  • Amazing place he's got there—squash courts, swimming pool, jacuzzi, the works.

    他的那个地方真是太棒了—壁球场、游泳池、按摩浴池，一应俱全。

32 See also: working 
33 PHRASE 干活儿;做工作;忙着做事 If someone is at work they are doing their job or are busy doing a particular activity. 干活儿;做工作;忙着做事

  • The salvage teams are already hard at work trying to deal with the spilled oil.

    救援队已经在紧张地设法处理溢出的石油。

  • He is currently at work on a novel.

    他这会儿正忙着写一篇小说。

  • Television cameras were invited in to film him at work.

    电视台摄像师被请进来拍摄他工作的镜头。

34 PHRASE 起作用;发挥效用 If a force or process is at work, it is having a particular influence or effect. 起作用;发挥效用

  • The report suggested that the same trend was at work in politics.

    这份报告表明，同一趋势也在影响着政治。

  • It is important to understand the powerful economic and social forces at work behind our own actions.

    重要的是，要理解在我们自身行动背后起作用的强大的经济和社会力量。

35 PHRASE (做…)有很大困难，困难重重 If you say that you will have your work cut out to do something, you mean that it will be a very difficult task. (做…)有很大困难，困难重重

  • The new administration has its work cut out for it. Creating jobs in this kind of environment is not going to be easy. [+ for]

    新一届政府面临重重困难。在这种环境下创造就业机会绝非易事。

  • He will have his work cut out to get into the team.

    他要进入该队困难重重。

36 PHRASE 已列入计划;已开始 If something is in the works, it has already been planned or begun. 已列入计划;已开始 [mainly US]

  • He said there were dozens of economic plans in the works.

    他说有几十项经济计划已经开始实施。

  • Nobody should be surprised by this. It's been in the works for some time.

    不应该有人对此感到惊奇，这事已经张罗了有一阵子了。

in BRIT, usually use 英国英语通常用 in the pipeline
37 PHRASE （费力或轻而易举地）做，完成 You can use work to talk about how easily or quickly a particular task is done. For example, if a person or thing makes short work of doing something or makes light work of it, they do it quickly and easily. （费力或轻而易举地）做，完成

  • An aerosol spray will make short work of painting awkward objects.

    用喷罐来喷涂，不好对付的物品也能轻松搞定。

  • This horse made light work of the cross-country course.

    这匹马轻松地跑完了越野赛程。

  • Australia made hard work of beating them.

    澳大利亚队非常艰难地击败了他们。

38 PHRASE 讨厌鬼;恶棍 If you describe someone as a nasty piece of work, you think they are very unpleasant or cruel. 讨厌鬼;恶棍

  • Underneath I think he's actually a rather nasty piece of work.

    内心里我觉得他是个非常讨厌的家伙。

39 PHRASE 让…工作;派给…任务 If you put someone to work or set them to work, you give them a job or task to do. 让…工作;派给…任务

  • By stimulating the economy, we're going to put people to work.

    我们将通过刺激经济让人们实现就业。

  • Instead of sending them to prison, we have set them to work helping the lemon growers.

    我们没有把他们送进监狱，而是让他们帮种柠檬的果农干活儿。

40 PHRASE 开始做;着手处理 If you get to work ,go to work, or set to work on a job, task, or problem, you start doing it or dealing with it. 开始做;着手处理

  • He promised to get to work on the state's massive deficit.

    他承诺着手解决国家庞大的财政赤字问题。

  • He returned to America where he set to work on a new novel.

    他返回美国，开始写一部新小说。

41 PHRASE 艰难地移动；缓慢地取得进展 If you work your way somewhere, you move or progress there slowly, and with a lot of effort or work. 艰难地移动；缓慢地取得进展

  • Rescuers were still working their way towards the trapped men.

    营救人员仍在艰难地向被困者靠拢。

  • Many personnel managers started as secretaries or personnel assistants and worked their way up.

    很多人事经理最初是从秘书或人事助理做起，然后慢慢升上去的。

42 CONVENTION 干得不错;干得漂亮 You can say to someone 'nice work' or 'good work' in order to thank or praise them for doing something well or quickly. 干得不错;干得漂亮 [formulae]

  • Nice work, Matthew. I knew you could do it.

    干得好，马修。我知道你能行。

43 to throw a spanner in the works→see: spanner 
Phrasal verbs:
work in work off work out work over work up
Quotations
I just don't happen to think [work]'s an appropriate subject for an ethic Barbara Ehrenreich Goodbye to the Work Ethic
Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion N. Northcote Parkinson Parkinson's Law
I mean, really: Why work? Simply to buy more stuff? Douglas Coupland Generation X
Work is the curse of the drinking classes Oscar Wilde
Work is the great cure of all maladies and miseries that ever beset mankind Thomas Carlyle
If any would not work, neither should he eat Bible: II Thessalonians
All that matters is love and work attributed to Sigmund Freud
Anyone can do any amount of work, provided it isn't the work he is supposed to be doing Robert Benchley
Thesaurus
Thesauruswork Also look up:
VERB.

labour 1 3 5

function, go, operate, perform, run 11 12

N.

business, craft, job, occupation, profession, trade, vocation; (ant.) entertainment, fun, pastime 2 4

Trends of work
View usage for:All yearsLast 10 yearsLast 50 yearsLast 100 yearsLast 300 years
BNC: 125 COCA: 117
work

noun¹

 1effort/product of effort努力；努力的成果ADJECTIVE | ... OF WORK | VERB + WORK | WORK + VERB | WORK + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤hard艱苦的工作；難事◇It's hard work trying to get him to do a few things for himself.讓他為自己做幾件事是很難的。◇It doesn't require skill－it's a matter of sheer hard work.這工作不要求技巧，它純粹是一件力氣活兒。➤arduous, back-breaking, challenging, complicated, demanding, difficult, gruelling/grueling, intensive, labour-intensive/labor-intensive, tiring, tough艱巨的／極其繁重的／具有挑戰性的／複雜的／要求高的／困難的／使人筋疲力盡的／緊張的／勞動密集型的／累人的／棘手的工作◇The show is the product of two years' intensive work.這場演出是緊張工作了兩年的成果。➤tireless不知疲倦的工作◇Through their tireless work, they proved his innocence.通過不懈的努力，他們證明了他是無辜的。➤rewarding有益的工作▸➤heavy繁重的工作◇They employ a couple of young men to do the heavy work.他們雇了幾個年輕人做這項繁重的工作。➤donkey (BrE, informal) 單調乏味的苦差事◇I did the donkey work (= hard work requiring little skill) but I hired a professional for the hard part.我自己做那些沒什麼技術含量的苦差事，但是雇了專業人員來完成棘手的部份。➤grunt (NAmE, informal) 費力而乏味的苦差事◇He has done the grunt work (= the hard, boring part of a task), sifting through thousands of official records.他完成了篩選數千個官方記錄的苦差事。➤light輕鬆的工作◇She's only allowed to do a little light work because of her bad arm.她胳臂有傷，所以只許她做一點兒輕鬆的工作。➤easy容易做的事▸➤close精細的活兒◇I need to wear glasses for close work.我幹細緻活兒時需要戴眼鏡。➤physical體力活兒▸➤delicate細緻的工作▸➤dangerous危險的工作▸➤dirty髒活兒；卑鄙的勾當◇Engine maintenance is dirty work.維修發動機是個髒活兒。◇The drugs gang used children to do their dirty work for them. (figurative) 販毒團夥利用兒童為他們做違法的事。➤monotonous, repetitive, tedious單調的工作；重複性工作；乏味的活兒▸➤fascinating, interesting有吸引力的／有趣的工作▸➤purposeful有意義的工作◇Many unemployed people welcome the chance to do purposeful work, even if unpaid.許多失業人員即使沒有報酬也樂意做有意義的工作。➤valuable有價值的工作◇The research institute needs funds in order to carry on its valuable work.研究所需要資金以便繼續進行有價值的工作。➤professional專業工作▸➤men's, women's男人的／女人的活兒◇They think that caring for children is women's work.他們認為照料孩子是女人的事。➤intellectual, mental腦力勞動▸➤creative, imaginative創作；富於想像力的工作▸➤practical實際工作 (see also fieldwork, paperwork) ➤detective, investigative刑偵／調研性工作▸➤undercover秘密工作◇The scandal was revealed after months of undercover work by journalists.經過新聞記者數個月的暗中調查，醜聞被揭露出來。➤leg (usually legwork) 外出搜集情況的工作◇Her job as a market researcher involves a lot of legwork (= walking around to collect information).作為市場調查員，她的工作需要經常外出搜集信息。➤class, course (usually coursework) , school (usually schoolwork) 課堂／課程／學校作業◇She was getting distracted from her schoolwork.她做作業時心不在焉。➤written書面作業◇His written work is the best in the class.他的書面作業是班上最好的。➤individual個人的工作▸➤group集體工作▸➤project項目工作▸➤collaborative, joint合作性的／聯合的工作◇classroom activities involving collaborative work between children需要孩子們相互之間合作的課堂活動◇The report is the joint work of an economist and a sociologist.這份報告是一位經濟學家和一位社會學家共同工作的成果。➤remedial, restoration補救性／修復工作◇The poorly designed bridge needs remedial work to make it safe.這座設計拙劣的橋需要做補救工作，以確保安全。➤background, preliminary, preparatory預備工作；準備工作▸➤follow-up後續工作➤extra額外的工作◇He's willing to do extra work to get the project finished on time.他願意加班以按時完成項目。➤honest誠實的勞動◇He preferred to make his money from honest work rather than from gambling.他寧願腳踏實地工作，而不願靠賭博賺錢。➤excellent, good, nice (informal) , outstanding, sterling (especially BrE) 出色的工作；幹得好；幹得不錯◇Nice work, James! I'm impressed.幹得好，詹姆斯！很不錯。◇In accepting the award, she mentioned the sterling work of her assistants.領獎時，她提到了助手們出色的工作。➤careful, meticulous, painstaking細心的活兒；需要下功夫的活兒▸➤poor, shoddy, sloppy幹得糟糕的活兒；粗劣的活兒；馬虎的工作▸➤charitable, humanitarian慈善事業；人道主義工作▸➤community, youth社區／青年工作➤missionary傳教工作▸➤groundbreaking, innovative, pioneering創新性工作；開拓性工作◇He did pioneering work on microbes.他在微生物研究方面做出了開拓性的工作。➤empirical, experimental實證工作；實驗工作➤theoretical理論工作▸➤academic, commercial, educational, environmental, scientific學術／商界／教育／環境／科學工作▸➤building, construction建築工作；施工工程➤cosmetic, dental美容／牙科工作◇She's had a lot of dental work done.她的牙齒已經診治過多次。➤your own自己幹的活兒◇Is this all your own work (= did you do it without help from others).這全是你自己幹的嗎？... OF WORK➤bit, piece一點兒／一項工作◇It was an interesting piece of work.那是一件有意思的工作。VERB + WORK➤carry out, do, put in開展工作；做工作；下功夫◇All the construction work was carried out in 2001.所有的施工工程都是 2001 年進行的。◇I had lots of work to do.當時我有很多事要做。◇She's put in a lot of work on the design.她在設計方面投入了大量的時間。➤get done, have done把工作完成◇I think I'd better try and get some work done.我想我最好還是設法完成一些工作。◇We're going to have some building work done on the house.我們打算把這所房子的某些部份搭建起來。➤create, make產生／帶來工作◇All these visitors make a lot of work for me.所有這些客人的到訪讓我忙個不停。➤produce做出成品◇Work produced on a computer tends to look more professional.在電腦上做出來的東西看起來專業些。➤get, have有事情做◇We get far too much work at this time of year.每年這個時候，我們有太多的事情要做。➤take on, undertake承擔工作◇I've taken on more work than I have time to do.我承擔的工作太多了，時間不夠用。➤begin, commence, get down to, set about, set to, start開始工作；着手工作◇They began work on the project last year.他們去年開始做這一項目。◇Stop talking and get down to work.別聊了，開始幹活兒吧。◇We set to work on the outside of the house (= for example, painting it).我們開始對房子進行外部修整。➤go about着手工作◇She went cheerfully about her work.她興高采烈地着手工作。➤carry on, continue, resume繼續工作；恢復工作▸➤complete, finish完成工作▸➤halt, hold up, stop暫停／耽擱／停止工作◇Work on the project was halted.這項工程暫停了。➤lose失去工作◇They lost the work to a competitor.他們輸給了對手，未能爭取到這項工作。➤undo補救工作◇The new president spent the first year undoing the work of his predecessor.新任總統在上任的第一年收拾前任總統留下的攤子。➤oversee, supervise監督工作◇The assistant manager supervises work on the factory floor.副經理在車間監督工作。➤check, inspect檢查／視察工作➤admire, appreciate, value欽佩／感激／重視工作◇I really appreciate all your hard work.你這麼努力，我真的很感激。➤support支持工作◇We give grants to support the work of voluntary organizations.我們撥款支持志願者組織的工作。➤set sb to安排某人幹活兒◇She set them to work painting the fence.她安排他們油漆柵欄。➤require需要做工作◇To carry out accurate market research requires a huge amount of work.進行精確的市場研究需要做大量的工作。➤hand in, submit提交完成的工作◇We're supposed to hand in this work tomorrow.按要求我們應該明天交這件活兒。WORK + VERB➤come工作到來◇The work comes in bursts according to the time of year.每年在不同時節工作會一撥兒一撥兒接踵而至。➤wait工作留到◇That work can wait until tomorrow.那工作可以留到明天做。➤go工作進展◇How's the work going this morning?今天上午工作進展如何？➤involve sth工作涉及⋯◇What does the work involve?這項工作包括些什麼？➤begin, start工作開始▸➤continue, go on工作繼續▸➤come to a halt, grind to a halt工作停頓下來◇Work came to a complete halt in the summer.工作在夏季完全停頓了下來。➤cost工作需要花費◇How much will the work cost?這項工作要花多少錢？WORK + NOUN➤ethic職業道德▸➤rate工作效率◇Her boss told her she had to increase her work rate.老闆告訴她要提高工作效率。➤habit工作習慣◇Children can learn good work habits at school.孩子們在學校能夠學到良好的學習習慣。➤programme/program, schedule工作方案／計劃➤crew (NAmE) 工作組◇The construction company has three work crews of five men each.這家建築公司有 3 個工作組，每組 5 人。➤load (usually workload) 工作量◇The instructor's work load was becoming increasingly heavy.講師的工作量越來越重。➤flow工作流程◇Her job is to manage the company's work flow.她的工作就是管理公司的工作流程。➤surface工作台◇Work surfaces should be left clear and clean.工作枱應該保持乾淨整潔。PREPOSITION➤at work在工作◇He's been hard at work all morning.他整個上午都在辛勤工作。➤work on在⋯上的工作◇I have to do some work on the car before it'll be ready.我得先修理一下汽車才能開。➤work with對⋯的工作◇She's done a lot of work with disadvantaged children.她為貧困兒童做了大量的工作。PHRASES➤a backlog of work積壓的工作◇It will take a month to clear the backlog of work.要花一個月的時間才能清理完積壓的工作。➤keep up the good work繼續好好地幹◇The hotel manager thanked the staff and told them to keep up the good work.飯店經理對員工表示感謝，並要求他們再接再厲。➤your life's work畢生的工作◇The art collection was his life's work.這批藝術品凝結着他畢生的心血。➤make light work of sth, make short work of sth (= to do sth quickly and easily) 不費力地／迅速地處理⋯◇Mike made short work of fixing the engine.邁克很快修好了發動機。➤not a stroke of work (especially BrE) 一點兒活兒也不（幹）◇She never does a stroke of work.她什麼工作都不幹。➤pressure of work工作壓力◇Pressure of work forced him to cancel the cruise.工作的壓力迫使他取消了乘船遊覽的計劃。➤work in progress進展中的工作◇The showroom has been designed so that people can see work in progress.展示廳作了設計，使人們可以看到尚未完工的作品。
work

noun²

 2job工作ADJECTIVE | VERB + WORK | WORK + VERB | WORK + NOUN | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤paid, unpaid有償／無償工作◇She is now looking for paid work outside the home.她正在尋找家庭以外能賺錢的工作。➤lucrative, well-paid賺錢的／待遇優厚的工作▸➤badly paid待遇很低的工作▸➤full-time, part-time全職／兼職工作▸➤permanent永久性工作▸➤temporary臨時工作▸➤regular, steady固定的／穩定的工作◇He hasn't been in regular work since he left school.他畢業以來一直沒有固定的工作。➤casual零工；臨時工作◇During the college vacations he does casual work in the local hospital.學院放假期間他在當地的醫院裏做臨時工。➤freelance自由職業工作▸➤voluntary, volunteer志願工作▸➤skilled技術性工作▸➤semi-skilled半技術性工作▸➤unskilled非技術性工作▸➤manual體力勞動▸➤indoor, outdoor室內／室外工作▸➤daily, day-to-day, everyday, routine日常工作◇People went about their daily work despite the war.儘管有戰爭，人們還是在進行日常的工作。◇Ambulance crews alternate between emergency and routine work.救護車的工作小組交替做急救工作和常規工作。➤piece計件工作◇It's piece work, so how much you earn depends on how fast you can work.這是計件工作，所以掙多少取決於工作速度。➤administrative, clerical, office, secretarial行政／文書／辦公室／秘書工作▸➤managerial管理工作▸➤domestic家務活▸➤social社會工作▸➤research研究工作▸➤agricultural, farm農業勞動；農活▸➤building建築工作▸➤nice (informal, humorous) 好活兒；美差◇A hundred grand for two days a week? Nice work if you can get it!每週工作兩天掙 10 萬美元？假如能得到的話，那真是美差！VERB + WORK➤have得到工作◇He has some freelance work at the moment.目前他有一些自由職業工作。➤look for尋找工作◇He got laid off, so now he's looking for work again.他被裁了，所以現在又在找工作了。➤find, get找到／得到工作◇Full-time work is hard to find.全職工作很難找到。➤go to去上班◇I go to work by bus.我乘公共汽車上班。➤go out to外出工作◇Some mothers of young children choose not to go out to work.有些孩子尚小的母親選擇不外出工作。➤start開始工作▸➤finish, knock off (informal) 幹完活兒；下班◇What time do you finish work?你幾點下班？➤stop停止工作◇She stops work at the end of this month.她本月末結束工作。➤give up放棄工作◇Just before he was sixty, he decided to give up work.幾近花甲之年時，他決定不再工作了。➤go back to, return to恢復工作；再度上班◇She has just returned to work after the birth of her child.她生完小孩，剛剛回來上班。➤allocate, give分派工作➤outsource將工作外包▸➤coordinate協調工作◇Sales reps meet up monthly to coordinate their work.銷售代表每月碰頭以協調工作。➤enjoy, love喜歡工作；熱愛工作◇I'm lucky－I love my work.我很幸運 － 我熱愛自己的工作。WORK + VERB➤go工作進展◇Work's going well at the moment.目前工作進展順利。➤start工作開始◇What time does work start in the morning?上午幾點鐘開始工作？➤finish工作結束➤consist of sth, include sth, involve sth工作由⋯組成／包括⋯／涉及⋯◇Her work consists of drawing up and coordinating schedules.她的工作是擬訂和協調進度表。WORK + NOUN➤day, hours, week (especially NAmE) 工作日；工作時間；工作週◇Employees must not make personal calls during work hours.工作時間內員工不准打私人電話。➤force (usually workforce) 勞動人口▸➤place (usually workplace) 工作場所▸➤area, environment, room (usually workroom) 工作區；工作環境；工作間▸➤station (usually workstation) （計算機）工作站➤boots, clothes工作靴；工作服▸➤schedule工作日程表▸➤experience工作經驗◇The opportunities will depend on your work experience.是否有機會取決於你是否有工作經驗。◇He's doing a month's unpaid work experience with an engineering company. (BrE) 他正為一家工程公司無償工作一個月以獲得工作經驗。➤permit, visa工作許可證；工作簽證▸➤incentive工作的動力◇High income tax can undermine work incentives.收入所得稅偏高會削弱工作積極性。➤practice工作上的慣常做法◇An independent report has described some work practices in the industry as old-fashioned.一份獨立報告稱該行業的某些工作慣例過時了。➤stoppage停工PREPOSITION➤at work在工作；在辦公場所◇'Where's Diane?' 'She's at work.'“黛安娜在哪裏？”“她在上班。”◇We had a party at work.我們在辦公室搞了一個聚會。➤in (your) work有工作；在工作中◇With so much unemployment, I'm lucky to be in work. (BrE) 失業情況如此嚴重，我還有工作真是幸運。◇It's important to be happy in your work.對工作滿意很重要。➤off work (especially BrE) 沒有上班◇She's been off work with a bad back since July.她自 7 月份以來因背部疼痛一直沒有上班。➤out of work失業◇He's been out of work since the factory closed.自從工廠倒閉後，他就失業了。➤through work通過工作◇I met him through work.我在工作中結識了他。PHRASES➤a line of work行業◇'What line of work are you in?' 'Computing.'“你幹哪一行的？”“計算機。”➤a place of work工作地點
work

noun³

 3book/music/art書；音樂；藝術ADJECTIVE | ... OF WORK | VERB + WORK | WORK + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤classic, fine, great經典作品；佳作；偉大的作品▸➤definitive, seminal最權威的／有巨大影響的著作◇Her book is still considered the definitive work on beetles.她的書仍然被認為是甲蟲研究方面的權威性著作。➤best-known, well-known最有名的／著名的作品▸➤important, influential重要的／有影響的著作▸➤erudite, scholarly博大精深的／學術著作▸➤ambitious鴻篇巨著➤creative有創意的作品▸➤literary文學作品▸➤dramatic戲劇作品▸➤critical評論著作▸➤autobiographical, biographical自傳性作品；傳記著作▸➤artistic藝術作品➤photographic攝影作品➤sculptural雕刻作品▸➤art (usually artwork) 插圖◇The artwork in the book is superb.書中的插圖棒極了。➤untitled未命名的作品➤completed, finished已完成的作品◇The finished work will be on view in the city art gallery.這件已完成的作品將在市美術館展覽。➤unfinished未完成的作品➤collaborative合作作品➤solo個人作品➤commissioned委託的作品◇He does mainly commissioned portrait works.他主要是受人委託創作肖像作品。➤abstract, figurative, graphic抽象／具象／平面美術作品▸➤choral, orchestral合唱／管弦樂作品▸➤guitar, piano, etc.吉他曲、鋼琴曲等▸➤collected, complete作品集；作品全集◇the collected works of Stephen King斯蒂芬・金作品集➤early早期作品▸➤late, mature晚期／成熟期作品◇Picasso's mature works畢加索的成熟作品➤latest, present, previous, recent最新的／當前的／以前的／最近的作品◇These paintings are more abstract than her previous work.這些畫作比她以往的作品更抽象。➤copyrighted受版權保護的作品◇People are using file-sharing to steal copyrighted works.人們使用文件共享竊取受版權保護的作品。➤published已出版作品◇Her portfolio includes published works in several magazines.她的作品集包含已經在數本雜誌上發表過的作品。➤derivative衍生作品➤original原作... OF WORK➤series一系列作品▸➤collection, exhibit, exhibition (especially BrE) 作品集；作品展◇The gallery is staging a special exhibition of Monet's early works.這家美術館正在舉行莫奈早期作品特展。VERB + WORK➤compose, create, produce, write譜寫作品；創作作品；撰寫作品◇Beethoven composed his greatest works in the latter part of his life.貝多芬在晚年創作了他最傑出的作品。➤choreograph, conduct, translate為作品編舞；為作品擔任指揮；翻譯作品▸➤commission委託創作作品▸➤perform, play演出／演奏作品▸➤hear, read, see聽作品；閱讀作品；觀看作品◇Her work can be seen in most of the major European galleries.在歐洲絕大多數重要的美術館中都能看到她的作品。➤conduct, direct, edit, produce, publish, put on指揮／導演／編輯／監製／出版／上演作品◇Over the next two years, the company is putting on the complete works of Brecht.今後兩年公司將上演布萊希特的全部戲劇。➤display, exhibit, feature, show, showcase展示作品；重點介紹作品；展出作品◇The town hall is exhibiting works by local artists.市政廳正在展出當地藝術家的作品。➤acclaim, admire, appreciate, praise讚美作品；欣賞作品；表揚作品➤critique, discuss, review評論作品；討論作品；給作品寫評論➤inform, inspire對作品有影響；賦予作品靈感◇A love of landscape informs all his work.他所有的作品都體現了對風景的熱愛。WORK + VERB➤be called sth, be entitled sth, be titled sth (especially NAmE) 作品稱為⋯；作品題為⋯◇a work entitled 'The Sacrifice'名為《犧牲》的作品➤depict sth, describe sth, represent sth作品描寫⋯；作品表現⋯◇The work represents a synthesis of the natural and the artificial.這部作品表現了自然與人工的結合。➤consist of sth作品由⋯組成◇a work consisting of twelve small blank canvases一部由 12 小塊空白畫布組成的作品➤appear, be on show, go on show作品展示；作品展覽◇Her work appears at the Museum of Contemporary Art this summer.她的作品今年夏天在當代藝術博物館展覽。PREPOSITION➤in a/the work在作品中◇She's studying the theme of death in the works of Beckett.她正在研究貝克特作品中關於死亡的主題。➤work by⋯的作品◇a work by an unknown 18th-century writer18 世紀一個不知名作者的作品PHRASES➤a work of art, a work of fiction, a work of literature藝術／小說／文學作品◇The building is hated by some and considered a work of art by others.一些人厭惡這座建築，而其他人則認為它是一件藝術品。◇They discovered that his report was a complete work of fiction. (humorous) 他們發現他的報告完全是虛構的。➤a work of genius天才之作◇Her latest novel is a work of genius.她最近的小說是一部天才之作。  ➡ note at art
work

noun⁴

 4 ( works, especially BrE) building/repairing建築／維修ADJECTIVE | VERB + WORKS | WORKS + VERB | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤extensive, major大型／重點工程▸➤road (usually roadworks in BrE and roadwork in NAmE) 道路施工▸➤maintenance, repair, restoration維護／維修／修復工程VERB + WORKS➤carry out進行工程◇We are planning to carry out major works on the site.我們計劃在工地上進行主要工程。➤plan計劃工程▸➤announce宣佈工程WORKS + VERB➤continue, go on工程繼續◇The works will continue until the end of July.工程將持續到 7 月底。➤be completed, finish工程完工PREPOSITION➤at the work (BrE) 在施工工地◇A contraflow is in operation at the works near Junction 5.第五交叉路口附近的施工工地現在採取單側雙向行駛。
work

noun⁵

 5works (especially BrE) factory工廠ADJECTIVE | VERB + WORKS | WORKS + VERB | WORKS + NOUN | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤brick, iron, steel (usually brickworks, etc.) 磚瓦廠；鋼鐵廠；煉鋼廠➤railway (BrE) 鐵路工廠➤sewage, treatment污水處理廠；處理廠◇The smell is believed to have originated from the sewage works.氣味據說來自污水處理廠。◇Scotland's biggest water treatment works蘇格蘭最大的水處理廠VERB + WORKS➤open開辦工廠▸➤close, close down, shut down關閉工廠WORKS + VERB➤open工廠開業▸➤close, close down工廠倒閉◇The steelworks closed in 1986.這家鋼鐵廠於 1986 年倒閉。WORKS + NOUN➤manager, supervisor工廠經理／主管▸➤canteen (BrE) 工廠餐廳PREPOSITION➤at the work在工廠◇the night shift at the works工廠的夜班
work

verb¹

 1do a job/task做事ADVERB | VERB + WORK | PREPOSITION ADVERB➤hard努力工作◇He had been working hard all morning.他一上午都在努力工作。➤tirelessly不知疲倦地工作➤assiduously, busily, diligently, methodically勤勉地／忙碌地／勤奮地／有條不紊地工作➤feverishly, frantically拚命地工作▸➤steadily踏踏實實地工作➤slowly慢慢地工作➤quickly快速地工作▸➤around the clock, round the clock (especially BrE) 夜以繼日地工作◇Emergency teams were working around the clock to make the homes secure.各應急分隊為確保各家的安全而夜以繼日地工作。➤full-time, part-time全職／兼職工作◇A lot of mothers choose to work part-time.許多母親選擇做兼職工作。➤illegally非法工作◇He was found to be working illegally and was deported.他因被發現非法工作而遭驅逐出境。➤effectively, efficiently, productively有效工作；高效工作；工作富有成效◇I work more efficiently on my own.我獨自工作效率更高。➤actively積極地工作◇We are actively working to increase the number of women in science.我們在積極努力，爭取讓更多的女性投身科學領域。➤closely, collaboratively, cooperatively, together密切配合；協作；合作；共事◇people who have worked closely together over a period of time已經密切合作過一段時間的人們➤harmoniously和諧地工作◇We have proved that different groups can work harmoniously together.我們已經證明，不同群體能夠和諧共事。➤alone, independently, individually獨自一人／獨立地／單個人工作➤directly直接地工作◇She works directly with customers.她的工作要直接接觸顧客。➤primarily主要工作◇I work primarily with young children.我的工作對象主要是年幼的孩子。➤away不斷工作◇We worked steadily away all morning.我們整個上午都在踏踏實實地工作。VERB + WORK➤continue to繼續工作▸➤choose to, prefer to選擇／較喜歡⋯工作◇I prefer to work as part of a team.我更願意在團隊中工作。➤motivate sb to激勵某人工作◇Employees are motivated to work harder for a whole host of different reasons.激勵員工更加努力工作的原因多種多樣。➤enable sb to使某人能夠工作◇I needed a job which would enable me to work at home.我需要一份能夠在家裏幹的工作。➤refuse to拒絕工作PREPOSITION➤as以⋯為職業◇He's working as a teacher at the moment.他目前在當老師。➤at致力於◇I've spent three hours working at this problem.我為解決這個問題已經花了 3 個小時。➤for為⋯工作◇She works for an oil company.她在一家石油公司工作。➤on做⋯◇We are working on plans for a new swimming pool.我們正在進行新游泳池的規劃工作。➤towards/toward朝着⋯奮鬥◇They are all working towards / toward a common goal.他們都在為共同的目標而奮鬥。➤with與⋯一起工作◇the people you work with與你一起做事的人➤within在⋯範圍內工作◇An architect must work within the confines of the laws of physics.建築師工作時必須遵循物理學定律。
work

verb²

 2function; have a result/effect運轉；起作用ADVERB | VERB + WORK | PHRASES ADVERB➤correctly, effectively, efficiently, properly, satisfactorily, well運轉正常；有效運轉；高效運轉；效果令人滿意；進展順利◇Everything worked very smoothly.一切都進展非常順利。➤flawlessly, perfectly, seamlessly, smoothly運轉得完美無缺；運轉順暢➤beautifully, brilliantly, splendidly, wonderfully運轉得非常好▸➤independently獨立運轉◇The fish's eyes can work independently of each other.魚的兩隻眼睛在轉動時可以彼此不同步。➤differently起不同的作用➤synergistically (especially NAmE) 協同作用VERB + WORK➤seem to似乎起作用PHRASES➤work like a charm, work like magic完全奏效◇Her strategy worked like a charm.她的策略完全奏效了。➤work to sb's advantage, work to sb's disadvantage對⋯有利；對⋯不利◇You can make your youth work to your advantage.你可以打青春牌。
work

verb

 ●work outADVERB➤beautifully, fine, great, perfectly, well結果很好；得以圓滿解決▸➤badly結果不好；未得以圓滿解決PREPOSITION➤as結果像⋯一樣◇It all worked out as we planned.結果如我們計劃的一樣。➤between在⋯之間有結果◇I told her I didn't think things would work out between us.我告訴她，我覺得我們之間的事情得不到解決。➤for結果對⋯來說◇Things worked out well for Janet in the end.對珍妮特來說事情的結局不錯。➤to總共達◇This all works out to around $11 000.這一切加起來共約 11,000 美元。
BNC: 125 COCA: 117
work noun
⇨ work 1 (hard work) ⇨ work 2 (find work) ⇨ work 3 (do pioneering work in microbiology) ⇨ work 4 (a work of fiction) ⇨ factory (a steelworks) ⇨ office 1 (go to work) ⇨ task (police work) ⇨ at work ⇨ busy adj. 1 ⇨ out of work ⇨ unemployed adj. ⇨ be in work ⇨ work verb 2work verb
⇨ work 1 (work on an assignment) ⇨ work 2 (work as a teacher) ⇨ work 3 (The phone isn't working.) ⇨ affect (work in your favour) ⇨ campaign (work for peace) ⇨ drive 2 (work sb too hard) ⇨ farm (work the land) ⇨ operate (How do you work the DVD player?)work1

noun

 hard work 用功find work 找工作do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art 小说；艺术品work ♦︎ labour ♦︎ service ♦︎ toil ♦︎ drudgery ♦︎ slogThese are all words for the use of physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth. 这些词均表示工作、劳动。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆hard work / labour / toil / slog◆daily work / labour / toil / drudgery / slog◆manual / physical / honest / unremitting work / labour / toil◆hours / years / a lifetime of work / labour / service / toil / drudgery■ work [uncountable] the use of physical strength or mental power in order to do or make sth 工作；劳动◆She earned her grades through sheer hard work.她的学习成绩完全靠刻苦用功得来。◆We started work on the project in 2002.我们于2002年开始干这个项目。◆Work continues on renovating the hotel.这家宾馆的修缮工作在继续。◆Let's get to work (= start working).我们开始工作吧。◆She set them to work painting the fence.她让他们给栅栏刷油漆。■ labour (BrE) (NAmE labor) ˈleɪbə(r) [uncountable] work, especially physical work 劳动；（尤指）体力劳动◆These women were generally accustomed to hard manual labour (= work using their hands).这些妇女对繁重的体力劳动一般都习以为常了。◆The price will include the labour and materials.这个价格包含劳务费和材料费。◆The company wants to keep down labour costs.这家公司想保持低劳动成本。■ service [uncountable] the work that sb does for an organization, especially when it continues for a long time or is admired very much （尤指长期、受到敬重的）工作，效劳，服务◆She has just celebrated 25 years' service with the company.她刚刚庆祝在公司任职25周年。◆The employees have good conditions of service.员工有良好的工作条件。■ toil [uncountable] (formal or literary) hard unpleasant work that makes you very tired 苦工；劳累的工作◆His hands bore the scars of a life of hardship and toil.他手上的疤痕记录着他一生的艰辛和劳苦。■ drudgery ˈdrʌdʒəri [uncountable] (disapproving) hard boring work, especially housework or office work 繁重无聊的工作（尤指家务或办公室的工作）◆Once married, she was condemned to a life of domestic drudgery.一旦结婚，她就注定过家务繁重的生活了。■ slog [countable, usually singular] (informal, disapproving) sth that is difficult or boring, or that requires a lot of hard work, such as a long, tiring walk 艰苦（或乏味）的努力（如长距离、疲惫地行走）◆It was a long slog to the top of the mountain.到山顶的路漫长而又艰难。ⓘ Especially in British English slog [uncountable] can also be a period of hard work or effort. 尤其在英式英语中，slog还可以指一段时间的艰苦工作或努力◆ (especially BrE) Writing the book took ten months of hard slog.这本书是用了十个月的时间辛苦写出来的。 work2

noun

 hard work 用功find work 找工作do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art 小说；艺术品  ➡ See also the entry for job 另见job条work ♦︎ employment ♦︎ career ♦︎ profession ♦︎ occupation ♦︎ practice ♦︎ tradeThese are all words for the work that sb does in return for payment, especially over a long period of time. 这些词均表示工作、职业。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's chosen work / employment / career / profession / occupation / trade◆(a) professional work / employment / career / occupation / practice◆(a) skilled / manual work / employment / occupation / trade◆(a) full-time / part-time / permanent work / employment / career / occupation◆(a) regular work / employment / occupation / trade◆(a) casual / seasonal work / employment / occupation◆(a) well-paid work / employment / profession / occupation◆(a) low-paid work / employment / occupation◆to have / pursue work / employment / a career / a profession / an occupation / a trade◆to take up work / employment / a career / a profession / an occupation / ...practice / a trade◆to go back / return to work / employment / a career / a profession / ...practice◆to look for / seek / find work / employment / a career / an occupation■ work [uncountable] the job that sb does, especially in order to earn money 工作；职业◆He's been out of work for over a year.他已经失业一年多了。◆ (BrE) It is a country where most women with young children are in paid work.在这个国家，大部分有了小孩儿的妇女都工作赚钱。◆She's planning to return to work in September.她打算9月份恢复上班。◆Would you give up work if you won the lottery?如果你中了彩票，你会不上班了吗？◆Any kind of work with kids would suit him fine.任何跟孩子打交道的工作都很适合他。◆'Where's John?' 'He's still at work.'“约翰在哪儿？”“还在上班呢。”◆She's been off work (= not at work) for three weeks.她已经三周没上班了。◆He started work as a security guard.他开始工作时做保安。  see also work ⇨ office 1 ■ employment [uncountable] (rather formal) work, especially when it is done to earn money; the situation in which people have work 工作；职业；受雇◆It's getting more and more difficult for young people to find regular employment.年轻人要找到固定工作越来越难。◆The government aims to have full employment (= a situation in which everyone who wants a job has one) within five years.政府的目标是在五年内达至充分就业。OPP unemployment ⇨ unemployment   see also employ ⇨ employ ■ career [countable] the job or series of jobs that sb has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility as time passes 生涯；职业◆I never wanted a military career.我从未想过要从军。◆Kelly's career took off (= started to be successful) when she was spotted at a talent contest.凯莉在一次才艺比赛中被发现之后，事业便开始腾飞。◆His career spanned (= continued over) four decades.他的职业生涯长达四十载。◆By 2001, she was at the peak of her career (= at the most successful point in her career).到2001年，她到达了事业的巅峰。◆I didn't think it was a very good career move.我认为那不是职业发展上的明智之举。◆It's time for a career change.该换个职业了。■ profession [countable] a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education （需要专门技能，尤指需要较高教育水平的）行业，职业◆Alan's a teacher by profession.艾伦的职业是教师。◆He hopes to enter the medical profession.他希望进入医疗行业。◆I joined the profession when I was in my early twenties.我二十出头就入了这一行。◆She's at the top of her profession.她是她那个行业的佼佼者。ⓘ Especially in British English, the professions [plural] are the traditional jobs that need a high level of education and training, such as being a doctor or lawyer. 尤其在英式英语中，the professions指需要较高教育水平和技能的医生或律师等传统职业◆employment in industry and the professions实业界与专业界的工作 The profession [singular + singular or plural verb] is all the people who work in a particular profession. * the profession指某职业界。 ▸ professional

adjective

◆Most of the people on the course were professional women.选修本课程的大部分人是职业女性。◆professional qualifications / skills专业资格／技能■ occupation ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn; NAmE ˌɑːkjuˈpeɪʃn [countable] (rather formal) a job or profession 工作；职业◆Please state your name, age, and occupation.请写明你的姓名、年龄和职业。◆Why is nursing still seen as a female occupation?为什么护理工作仍被看作是一种女性从事的职业？■ practice [uncountable] the work or business of some professional people such as doctors and lawyers （医生或律师等的）工作，业务活动◆Students should have prior experience of veterinary practice.学生应有做兽医的经验。◆My analyst is no longer in practice.我的分析师已经不再从业了。  see also practice ⇨ company ■ trade [countable] a job, especially one that involves working with your hands and requires special training and skills （尤指手工）职业，行当；手艺◆She's now a carpenter by trade.她现在以木工为业。◆My parents always wanted me to leave school early and learn a trade.我父母总想让我早些毕业学一门手艺。  see also trade ⇨ industry work3

noun

 hard work 用功find work 找工作do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art 小说；艺术品work ♦︎ achievement ♦︎ triumph ♦︎ feat ♦︎ accomplishment ♦︎ coup ♦︎ resultsThese are all words for sth that is produced as a result of work. 这些词均表示工作成果。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a great / remarkable work / achievement / triumph / feat / accomplishment / coup◆a major / spectacular work / achievement / triumph / feat / coup◆a significant work / achievement / accomplishment / coup◆a / an impressive / notable work / achievement / feat / accomplishment◆a brilliant work / achievement / feat / coup◆a real achievement / triumph / feat / accomplishment / coup◆your own work / achievement / accomplishment◆a / an literary / artistic / scientific work / achievement / accomplishment◆to constitute / represent / see sth as an achievement / a triumph / a coup◆quite a / an achievement / feat / accomplishment / coup■ work [uncountable] a thing or things that are produced or achieved as a result of working 工作成果；产品；作品◆She's an artist whose work I really admire.她这位艺术家的作品令我赞赏不已。◆Is this all your own work (= did you do it without help from others)?这件作品是你独立完成的吗？◆The book is a detailed and thorough piece of work.本书是缜密翔实的力作。◆Her written work is the best in the class.她的写作是班上最好的。◆He did pioneering work on microbes.他对微生物的研究是开拓性的。◆The art collection was his life's work.这些艺术品收藏是他一生的成就。◆The showroom has been designed so that people can see work in progress.展厅的设计使人们能看到工作过程。■ achievement [countable] (approving) an impressive thing that sb has done, especially using their own effort and skill （尤指通过自身努力或技能取得的）成就，成绩，功绩◆It was a remarkable achievement for such a young player.如此年轻的选手有这样的成绩真是了不起。◆They were proud of their children's achievements.他们为孩子们的成绩感到自豪。◆This is probably his greatest scientific achievement.这可能是他最伟大的科学成果。  see also achieve ⇨ achieve ■ triumph ˈtraɪʌmf [countable] (approving) a great success, achievement or victory; an excellent example of how successful sth can be 巨大成功；重大成就；伟大胜利；（成功的）典范◆It was a personal triumph over her old rival.这是她对老对手的个人胜利。◆Her arrest was a triumph of international cooperation.成功捕获她是国际合作的典范。■ feat [countable] (approving) an action or a piece of work that needs skill, strength or courage 技艺；武艺；英勇事迹；（需要技能、力量或勇气的）杰作◆The tunnel is a brilliant feat of engineering.这条隧道是工程方面的光辉杰作。◆Dragging the fully laden boat across the sand dunes was no mean feat.将一条满载的船拖过沙丘可不是件容易事。■ accomplishment əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt; NAmE əˈkɑːmlɪʃmənt [countable] (rather formal, often approving) an impressive thing that is done or achieved after a lot of work 成就；成绩◆The administration's success in cutting the budget was an impressive accomplishment.这届政府成功削减了预算，是个了不起的成就。◆the technical accomplishments of modern medicine现代医学技术成就  see also accomplish ⇨ achieve NOTE 辨析 Achievement or accomplishment? Achievement is usually used to talk about a person's academic, professional, artistic or sporting success. Accomplishment is often used to talk about a great success which has benefited others, especially in politics and in contexts in which important inventions are described. * achievement通常指个人在学术、职业、艺术或体育竞技上的成就。accomplishment常指让大众受益的伟大成就，尤指政治上的成绩，或用于描述重大发明。■ coup kuː [countable, usually singular] (written, often approving) an impressive and surprising success 令人惊叹的成功◆Getting this contract has been quite a coup for us.争取到这份合同是我们的一大成就。◆He pulled off a major diplomatic coup by winning agreement from all the warring factions on a permanent ceasefire.说服交战各方同意签署永久停火协议是他在外交上取得的重大成就。ⓘ Coup is often used with adjectives like spectacular, significant, remarkable and greatest. It is also used to describe successful information campaigns after nouns like publicity, intelligence and propaganda. * coup常与spectacular、significant、remarkable和greatest等形容词连用，还用在publicity、intelligence和propaganda等名词后，指成功的宣传或情报活动。■ results [plural] success achieved by actions or efforts 成果；成效◆The project is beginning to show results.这项工程开始显现出成效。◆He's a coach who knows how to get results from his players.他是位知道如何挖掘队员潜能的教练。work4

noun

 hard work 用功find work 找工作do pioneering work in microbiology 在微生物领域作探索性研究a work of fiction/art 小说；艺术品work ♦︎ writings ♦︎ piece ♦︎ masterpiece ♦︎ composition ♦︎ work of art ♦︎ oeuvreThese are all words for sth that has been created by an artist, writer or musician. 这些词均表示艺术家、作家或音乐家的作品。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a work / piece / masterpiece / composition / work of art by sb◆a / an great / original work / piece / masterpiece / composition / work of art◆a / an orchestral / choral work / piece / masterpiece / composition◆a / an classical / abstract work / piece / composition◆sb's collected / complete works / writings◆to perform a work / piece / composition■ work [countable] a book, painting or piece of music that has been created by sb 著作；（绘画或音乐）作品◆The film is based on an early work by Alan Moore.这部影片取材于艾伦•穆尔的早期作品。◆works of fiction / literature小说；文学作品◆Chopin's piano works肖邦的钢琴曲■ writings [plural] a group of pieces of writing, especially by a particular person or on a particular subject （尤指某人或某专题的）著作，文字作品◆His experiences in Morocco influenced his later writings.他在摩洛哥的经历影响了他后来的写作。◆the writings of Sun Tzu孙子的著作   see also writing ⇨ literature , write ⇨ write 2 ■ piece [countable] a single item of music, writing, poetry or art （音乐、写作、诗歌或艺术作品的）一支，一篇，一首，一件◆The orchestra performed pieces by Ravel and Prokofiev.管弦乐队演奏了拉威尔和普罗科菲耶夫的几支曲子。ⓘ You can have a piece of music/writing/poetry/art, but piece on its own usually means a piece of music, except in formal language and where the context is clear. 可以说a piece of music/writing/poetry/art，但是piece单独使用时通常指一首音乐作品，除非用于正式文体或上下文语义非常清楚的情况◆Auditioning students are required to play a solo piece of their choice.试演的学生必须演奏一支自选的独奏曲。◆ (formal) They have some beautiful pieces (= paintings, drawings, etc.) in their home.他们家里有一些精美的艺术品。   see also piece ⇨ article  ➡ See also the entry for song 另见song条■ masterpiece ˈmɑːstəpiːs; NAmE ˈmæstərpiːs [countable] a work of art, literature, film, etc. that is an excellent, or the best, example of the artist's work （艺术、文学或电影等的）代表作，杰作，名著◆The work has been described as a literary masterpiece.这部作品被称作文学巨著。◆This is an excellent production of Verdi's masterpiece.这是威尔第代表作的出色演绎。◆Her work is a masterpiece of simplicity (= an excellent example of sth simple).她的作品是朴实风格的典范。■ composition ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn; NAmE ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃn [countable] (formal) a piece of music, poetry or art （音乐、诗歌或艺术）作品◆one of Stravinsky's finest compositions斯特拉文斯基的佳作之一   see also compose ⇨ write 2 NOTE 辨析 Work, piece or composition? Work emphasizes that sth has been created with effort by sb, and can be used to talk about any type of art, literature or music. Piece is often used to talk about shorter items of music. Composition is also mostly used to talk about music, but may also be used to talk about poetry and art. * work强调努力的成果，可以指任何种类的艺术、文学或音乐作品。piece常指短小的音乐作品。composition也多指音乐作品，但也可以指诗歌和艺术品。■ ˌwork of ˈart (plural works of art) [countable] an object that has been created by an artist, especially a painting, drawing or statue 艺术品（尤指油画、绘画或雕塑）◆A number of priceless works of art were stolen from the gallery.好几件珍贵的艺术品在美术馆被盗。■ oeuvre ˈɜːvrə [singular] (from French, formal) all the works that have been created by a writer, artist or composer （作家、艺术家或作曲家的）全部作品◆She created an oeuvre that is both refreshing and overwhelming.她创作的艺术作品既清新宜人又不乏震撼力。work1

verb

 work on an assignment 做作业work as a teacher/in education 当老师；从事教育工作The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。work ♦︎ labour ♦︎ toil ♦︎ slaveThese words all mean to do sth that involves physical or mental effort. 这些词均表示做体力或脑力工作。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to work / labour / toil at sth◆to labour / slave over sth◆to work / labour / toil / slave away◆to work / labour / toil endlessly / long and hard / tirelessly■ work [intransitive, transitive] to do sth that involves physical or mental effort, especially as part of a job 做体力（或脑力）工作；劳动◆I can't work if I'm cold.我要是觉得冷就干不了活。◆He is working on a new novel.他正在写一部新小说。◆She's outside, working on the car.她在外面修车呢。◆Doctors often work very long hours.医生经常长时间工作。■ labour (BrE) (NAmE labor) ˈleɪbə(r) [intransitive] (rather formal, especially written) to do hard physical work 干体力活◆They laboured all day in the fields.他们一整天都在地里干活。■ toil [intransitive] (formal or literary) to work very hard and/or for a long time （长时间）苦干，辛勤劳作◆Hundreds of men toiled for years at building the pyramid.建这座金字塔，数百人苦干了多年。■ slave [intransitive] (rather informal, especially spoken, usually disapproving) to work very hard 苦干；没命地工作◆I've been slaving away all day trying to get this work finished.我整天苦干，想把这项工作赶完。◆I haven't got time to spend hours slaving over a hot stove (= doing a lot of cooking).我没时间老围着锅台转。ⓘ Slave is usually used when you think that you have/sb has been working too hard. * slave通常用来表示自己或他人工作过于辛苦。work2

verb

 work on an assignment 做作业work as a teacher/in education 当老师；从事教育工作The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。work ♦︎ be employed ♦︎ have a job ♦︎ earn a/your living ♦︎ be in work ♦︎ practiseThese words all mean to earn money through work. 这些词均表示以工作赚钱。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to work / be employed / have a job / earn a living / practise as sth◆to work / be employed / have a job at a place■ work [intransitive] to do work for which you receive regular payment 工作；就业；上班◆Both my parents work.我父母都工作。◆She works for an engineering company.她在一家工程公司工作。◆I've always worked in education.我一直从事教育工作。◆Do you enjoy working with children?你喜欢做儿童工作吗？■ be emˈployed [transitive, passive] (rather formal) to do work for which you receive regular payment 工作；就业；上班◆For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.过去三年来他一直受雇当消防员。◆A number of people are employed to deal with the backlog of work.雇来一些人处理积压的工作。   see also employ ⇨ employ , unemployed ⇨ unemployed ■ ˌhave a ˈjob

phrase

(has, had, had)to do work for which you receive regular payment 工作；就业；上班◆She had a job as a waitress.她的工作是服务员。◆I've got a temporary job at the moment.现在我找到了个临时工作。◆She's never had a steady job (= a job that is not going to end suddenly).她从未有过稳定的工作。NOTE 辨析 Work, be employed or have a job? Work is the most general of these words and can be used to talk about a particular job that sb has at a particular time, or the general type of work that they do, or just the fact that they work. Be employed is mostly used to talk about the particular job or type of work that sb does, often with as or to. * work在这些词中含义最广，可以指某一时段的某个工作，可以指一般性的工作，也可以指有工作这一事实。be employed多指特定的工作或工作类型，并常与as或to连用◆be employed as a teacher当教师◆be employed to train users in the new system受雇培训用户使用新系统 Have a job is often used to talk about the fact of not being unemployed. * have a job常指有工作◆Do you have a job?你有工作吗？It can also be used with as in a similar way to work. * have a job也可以像work一样与as连用◆She worked / had a job as a waitress in a cocktail bar.她在一家鸡尾酒酒吧里当服务员。In this use, have a job is most often used in the past tense, and also suggests that the period of employment is more temporary. Have a job can be a little more informal than work. 在这种用法中，have a job多用于过去时，而且表示那一段时间的受雇状况较为临时性质。have a job较work稍不正式。 ■ ˌearn a ˈliving■ ˌearn your ˈliving

phrase

to work for money to buy the things that you need in life 维持生计；谋生◆She earns her living as a freelance journalist.她靠做自由撰稿记者来维持生计。■ be in work

idiom

 (BrE) to have a job, as opposed to being unemployed (= not having a job) 有工作◆Most of those who were in work had temporary jobs.他们中的大部分人曾有过工作，但都是临时性的。   see also out of work ⇨ unemployed ■ practise (BrE) (NAmE practice) [intransitive, transitive] to work as a doctor, lawyer, etc. 当医生；当律师；从事专职工作◆There are over 50 000 solicitors practising in England and Wales.英格兰和威尔士有5万多律师执业。◆He practised as a lawyer for many years.他已从事律师工作多年。◆She was banned from practising medicine.她被禁止行医。work3

verb

 work on an assignment 做作业work as a teacher/in education 当老师；从事教育工作The phone isn't working. 这部电话坏了。  ➡ See also the entry for operate 另见operate条work ♦︎ function ♦︎ run ♦︎ operate ♦︎ goThese are all words that can be used when a machine, system or device performs in the correct way. 这些词均表示机器、系统或装置运转良好、正常工作。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to actually / still work / function / go◆to work / function / run / operate efficiently / satisfactorily / smoothly / independently / successfully / normally / reliably◆to work / function / run perfectly◆to work / function / operate effectively / properly / correctly◆to work / function well◆to run / operate continuously◆fully functioning / operating■ work [intransitive](of a machine or device) to perform in the correct way （机器或装置）运转良好，正常工作◆The phone isn't working.这部电话坏了。◆It works by electricity.这是电动的。◆Are they any closer to understanding how the brain works?他们对大脑功能的了解有进展吗？   see also work ⇨ operate ■ function [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (rather formal) to work in the correct way 起作用；运转良好；正常工作◆Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.尽管供电中断，医院继续正常运转。◆Many children can't function effectively in large classes.许多孩子在大班上课时学习效果不好。◆We now have a functioning shower.现在我们有了好用的淋浴器。■ run (running, ran, run) [intransitive] to work in the correct way 起作用；运转良好；正常工作◆Stan had the chainsaw running.斯坦开动了链锯。◆Our van runs on (= uses) diesel.我们的货车烧柴油。◆Which operating system have you got running?你们运行的是哪个操作系统？ⓘ Run is usually used to talk about an engine or motor (or a machine that uses an engine or motor), or a computer program. * run通常指发动机、马达（或使用发动机或马达的机器）或电脑程序正常工作。   see also run ⇨ operate , up and running ⇨ active adj. ■ operate [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (rather formal) (especially of a machine) to work in a particular way; (of a service or system) to be working （尤指机器）运转；（服务或系统）工作◆Solar panels can only operate in sunlight.太阳能电池板只能在阳光下才能正常工作。◆Some people can only operate well under pressure.有些人只有在压力下才能工作得好。◆A new late-night service is now operating.现在推出了一种新的深夜服务项目。  see also operate ⇨ operate ▸ operation

noun

 [uncountable] ◆Regular servicing guarantees the smooth operation of the engine.定期维修能确保发动机运行顺畅。   see also in operation , operational ⇨ active adj. NOTE 辨析 Function or operate? Function is used more to talk about whether sth works or how well or badly it works; operate is used more to talk about the conditions required for sth to work. * function较多用于描述是否运转或运转情况是否良好。operate较多用于描述运行的必要条件。■ go (goes, went, gone) [intransitive] (informal, especially spoken) (of a machine) to work in the correct way （机器）起作用，运转良好，正常工作◆What makes it go?是什么让它运转起来？
BNC: 125 COCA: 117
work
To try hard to do or get something: boil the ocean, work, strive...
To make someone work hard: work, drive, push...
To create a work of art or craft: work, create, base on...
To work, and to work in a particular way: work, serve, collaborate...
To work, or to start working (of a piece of machinery): operate, come on, function...
To make a machine or piece of equipment work: activate, actuate, coax...
To develop or happen successfully: shape up, function, work out...
To have an effect: shape, impact, affect...
To move, or to move something, slowly: crawl, dawdle, creep...
General words meaning to move something: budge, propel, guide...
To change the shape of something: shape, reshape, form...
To use a tool: card, chase, chip away...
Mining and quarrying: coal, coalface, coalfield...
Crop farming: arable, broadacre, cash crop...
To calculate or count: calculate, count, estimate...
Hard work and effort: heavy lifting, ask, work...
General words relating to jobs and work: a good/smart/clever career move, appointment, background...
The working day: at work, billable time, business hours...
General words for offices and the workplace: bureau, general headquarters, head office...
Factories and industrial buildings: abattoir, blast furnace, boatyard...
General words for works of art and pictures: art, artwork, assemblage...
General words for the process of building: assemblage, assembly, build...
Physical forces and processes: absorbance, air resistance, amplitude...
Plastic surgery: boob job, Botox, collagen...

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