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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 6454 COCA: 5809
harmful

adjective

harmful ♦︎ destructive ♦︎ negative ♦︎ damaging ♦︎ bad ♦︎ ill ♦︎ detrimental ♦︎ perniciousThese are all words for things that are likely to cause harm or damage to sth. 这些词均表示有害的、会造成损害的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆harmful / destructive / damaging / detrimental to sb / sth◆harmful / damaging / bad for sb◆a harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / bad / detrimental / pernicious effect◆ill effects◆a harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / bad / pernicious influence◆harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / detrimental / pernicious consequences◆harmful / negative / damaging / bad publicity◆very / extremely harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / bad / detrimental◆potentially harmful / destructive / damaging / detrimental◆positively harmful / damaging / detrimental◆highly destructive / damaging / detrimental◆environmentally / socially harmful / destructive / damaging / detrimental■ harmful (rather formal) causing damage or injury to sb/sth, especially to a person's health or to the environment （尤指对健康或环境）有害的，导致损害的◆The harmful effects of alcohol are well established.酒精的害处已有定论。◆Keep food chilled to prevent the spread of harmful bacteria.将食物冷藏以防有害细菌的繁殖。◆pesticides that are harmful to the environment对环境有害的杀虫剂OPP harmless ⇨ safe 2   see also harm ⇨ damage noun , harm ⇨ damage verb ■ destructive (rather formal) causing physical destruction, or physical or emotional damage 毁灭性的；伤害身体（或感情）的◆The war demonstrated the destructive power of modern weapons.这次战争显示了现代武器的毁灭性力量。◆People have to learn how to handle destructive emotions like anger.人得学会控制愤怒等有害情绪。■ negative causing damage to a relationship, to a business or a country's economy, or to a person's health or happiness （对关系、企业、国家经济或健康幸福）有害的，有损的◆The crisis had a negative effect on trade.这场危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。◆The whole experience was definitely more positive than negative.整个体验当然是利大于弊。ⓘ Negative is used especially to describe the effect, impact, influence, consequences or side effects of sth. * negative尤与effect、impact、influence、consequences或side effects搭配。 OPP positive ⇨ valuable 2   see also negative ⇨ negative ■ damaging causing damage to sb's health, happiness or reputation, or to the environment （对健康、幸福、声誉或环境）有害的，损害的，造成破坏的◆A strike would hit public services and be politically damaging for the government.罢工会重创公共服务业，而且政治上对政府不利。◆Lead is potentially damaging to children's health.铅对儿童健康有潜在危害。  see also damage ⇨ damage noun , damage ⇨ damage verb NOTE 辨析 Harmful or damaging?Things that are harmful hurt the environment or people's health. Things that are damaging can also hurt the environment or health, but more often they hurt people's social or economic welfare (= how much money they have and how comfortable their position in society is), or sb/sth's reputation (= the opinion people have of them). * harmful和damaging都可指对环境或健康有害，但damaging更多指给人们的社会或经济利益带来破坏，或对声誉有损。■ bad (rather informal, especially spoken) causing or likely to cause damage to sb's health, business, character or reputation （对健康、生意、性格或声誉）有害的，产生损害的◆Sugary drinks are bad for your teeth.含糖饮料对牙齿有害。◆Weather like this is bad for business.这样的天气不利于做生意。◆That girl's a bad influence on Tom.那个女孩带坏了汤姆。◆Sunbeds have received a lot of bad publicity in recent years. Are they safe?近年来有许多关于日光浴床的负面报道，这种床安全吗？ⓘ In this meaning bad is used in the phrase bad for sb/sth and with the collocates influence, publicity and effect. 表达此义时，bad用于短语bad for sb/sth，或与influence、publicity和effect等词搭配。 OPP good ⇨ valuable 2 ■ ill [only before noun] (rather formal) causing or meaning to cause damage to sb's health, comfort or reputation （对健康、舒适或声誉）不好的，有害的，不良的◆He resigned because of ill health.他因健康欠佳而辞职。◆She suffered no ill effects from the experience.这次经历没有使她受到不良影响。◆ (formal) I bear you no ill will (= do not wish any harm to come to you), but I am simply not in a position to help you.我不希望你有事，只是我帮不了你。ⓘ In this meaning ill is used especially with the collocates health, effects, treatment, will and repute. 表达此义时，ill尤与health、effects、treatment、will和repute等词搭配。■ detrimental ˌdetrɪˈmentl (formal) causing damage to the environment, or sb's health or welfare; blocking people's attempts to do sth good （对环境、健康或幸福）有害的，不利的；有碍的◆Emissions from the factory are widely suspected of having a detrimental effect on health.人们普遍怀疑工厂的排放物对健康不利。◆The policy will be detrimental to the peace process.这项政策将不利于和平进程。ⓘ Detrimental is nearly always used in the phrases detrimental effect/effects or detrimental to sb/sth. * detrimental几乎总用于短语detrimental effect/effects或detrimental to sb/sth。 OPP beneficial ⇨ valuable 2   see also detriment ⇨ damage noun ■ pernicious pəˈnɪʃəs; NAmE pərˈnɪʃəs (formal) having a very harmful effect on society or morals, especially in a way that is gradual and not easily noticed （尤指潜移默化地对社会或道德）有害的，有恶劣影响的◆They discussed the pernicious influence of TV violence on children.他们讨论了电视暴力对儿童潜移默化的坏影响。◆Ageism is just as offensive and pernicious as sexism.年龄歧视和性别歧视一样引人反感，并且影响恶劣。

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