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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
rough
rʌf rʌf
Word forms: comparative rougher, superlative roughest, 3rd person singular present tense roughs, present participle roughing, past tense , past participle roughed
1 ADJ-GRADED (表面)粗糙不平的，不光滑的 If a surface is rough, it is uneven and not smooth. (表面)粗糙不平的，不光滑的

  • His hands were rough and calloused, from years of karate practice.

    由于多年练习空手道，他的双手粗糙不平，布满老茧。

  • Grace made her way slowly across the rough ground.

    格雷斯缓慢地走过高低不平的地面。

SYN uneven, broken, rocky, rugged
roughness

  • She rested her cheek against the roughness of his jacket.

    她把脸颊靠在他粗糙的夹克上。

2 ADJ-GRADED (人或行为)粗暴的，粗野的，粗鲁的 You say that people or their actions are rough when they use too much force and not enough care or gentleness. (人或行为)粗暴的，粗野的，粗鲁的

  • Rugby's a rough game at the best of times.

    即使是在比赛最不激烈的时候，橄榄球也是一种粗野的运动。

  • They have complained of discrimination and occasional rough treatment.

    他们抗议遭受歧视，而且偶尔还会遭到粗暴的对待。

SYN boisterous, hard, tough, aggressive
roughly

  • A hand roughly pushed him aside.

    一只手粗鲁地把他推到了一边。

roughness

  • He regretted his roughness.

    他对自己的粗鲁感到后悔。

3 ADJ-GRADED (地区、城市、学校等)危险的，充斥暴力的，犯罪率高的 A rough area, city, school, or other place is unpleasant and dangerous because there is a lot of violence or crime there. (地区、城市、学校等)危险的，充斥暴力的，犯罪率高的

  • It was quite a rough part of our town.

    这是我们城里犯罪率很高的地区。

4 ADJ-GRADED [usually ADJ n] (日子)艰难的，困难的，不愉快的 If you say that someone has had a rough time, you mean that they have had some difficult or unpleasant experiences. (日子)艰难的，困难的，不愉快的

  • All women have a rough time in our society.

    在我们的社会中，所有女性的日子都不好过。

  • Tomorrow, he knew, would be a rough day.

    他知道明天将会是艰难的一天。

SYN unpleasant, hard, difficult, tough
5 ADJ-GRADED [verb-link ADJ] 身体不适的;不舒服的 If you feel rough, you feel ill. 身体不适的;不舒服的 [British, informal]

  • The virus won't go away and the lad is still feeling a bit rough.

    病毒无法清除，这个小伙子仍然觉得有点不舒服。

SYN unwell, poorly [informal] , ill, upset
6 ADJ-GRADED [usually ADJ n] (计算、猜测)大概的，粗略的，不精确的 A rough calculation or guess is approximately correct, but not exact. (计算、猜测)大概的，粗略的，不精确的

  • We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required.

    我们只能对所需燃料作一个粗略的估计。

  • As a rough guide, a horse needs 2.5 per cent of his body weight in food every day.

    作为一个大致的参照，一匹马每天需要吃相当于其体重2.5％的食物。

SYN approximate, estimated, vague, ballpark
roughly

  • Gambling and tourism pay roughly half the entire state budget.

    博彩业和旅游业支撑着整个国家约一半的财政预算。

  • The Ukraine is roughly equal to France in size and population.

    乌克兰的面积和人口与法国大致相当。

  • ...a period of very roughly 30 million years.

    非常粗略地算作3,000万年的一段时间

7 ADJ-GRADED (想法、描述)粗略的，简略的，大致的;(图画)简笔的 If you give someone a rough idea, description, or drawing of something, you indicate only the most important features, without much detail. (想法、描述)粗略的，简略的，大致的;(图画)简笔的

  • I've got a rough idea of what he looks like.

    我已经大致知道他长什么样子了。

  • It often helps to make a rough sketch showing where the vehicles were.

    画一个简略的草图标示车辆当时所在的位置往往很有用。

SYN vague, general, sketchy, imprecise
roughly

  • He knew roughly what was about to be said.

    他大概知道要说些什么。

  • Roughly speaking, a scientific humanist is somebody who believes in science and in humanity but not in God.

    简单来讲，科学人道主义者是相信科学和人道主义而不相信上帝的人。

8 ADJ-GRADED 做工粗糙的;不精致的;简陋的 You can say that something is rough when it is not neat and well made. 做工粗糙的;不精致的;简陋的

  • ...a rough wooden table.

    做工粗糙的木桌子

  • ...chairs set in a rough circle in the middle of the room.

    房间中央大致围成一圈的椅子

SYN rough-hewn, crude, uncut, unpolished
roughly

  • Roughly chop the tomatoes and add them to the casserole.

    把西红柿大致切一切，然后放到炖锅里。

  • ...houses, roughly painted white or blue.

    简单刷成白色或蓝色的房子

9 ADJ-GRADED (天气)恶劣的，狂风暴雨的;(海面)波浪滔天的 If the sea or the weather at sea is rough, the weather is windy or stormy and there are very big waves. (天气)恶劣的，狂风暴雨的;(海面)波浪滔天的

  • A fishing vessel and a cargo ship collided in rough seas.

    一艘捕鱼船和一艘货船在波涛汹涌的海上相撞了。

10 ADV [ADVERB after verb] 风餐露宿地;无家可归地;流浪地 When people sleep or live rough, they sleep out of doors, usually because they have no home. 风餐露宿地;无家可归地;流浪地 [British]

  • It makes me so sad when I see young people begging or sleeping rough on the streets.

    我看到年轻人沿街乞讨、露宿街头，心里会非常难过。

11 VERB 过（从前没有过的）艰苦的生活 If you have to rough it, you have to live without the possessions and comforts that you normally have. 过（从前没有过的）艰苦的生活

  • You won't be roughing it; each room comes equipped with a telephone and a 3-channel radio. [VERB it]

    你不会过得太艰苦;每个房间都配备了一部电话和一台可以接收3个频道的收音机。

12 rough justice→see: justice 
Phrasal verbs:
rough out rough up
Thesaurus
Thesaurusrough Also look up:
ADJ.

coarse, harsh; (ant.) smooth 1

approximate, estimated, vague; (ant.) exact 6 7

Trends of rough
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