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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
rough
rʌf rʌf
Word forms: comparative rougher, superlative roughest, 3rd person singular present tense roughs, present participle roughing, past tense , past participle roughed
1 ADJ-GRADED

(表面)粗糙不平的，不光滑的 If a surface is rough, it is uneven and not smooth. (表面)粗糙不平的，不光滑的

  • His hands were rough and calloused, from years of karate practice.

    由於多年練習空手道，他的雙手粗糙不平，布滿老繭。

  • Grace made her way slowly across the rough ground.

    格雷斯緩慢地走過高低不平的地面。

SYN uneven, broken, rocky, rugged
roughness

  • She rested her cheek against the roughness of his jacket.

    她把臉頰靠在他粗糙的夾克上。

2 ADJ-GRADED

(人或行爲)粗暴的，粗野的，粗魯的 You say that people or their actions are rough when they use too much force and not enough care or gentleness. (人或行爲)粗暴的，粗野的，粗魯的

  • Rugby's a rough game at the best of times.

    即使是在比賽最不激烈的時候，橄欖球也是一種粗野的運動。

  • They have complained of discrimination and occasional rough treatment.

    他們抗議遭受歧視，而且偶爾還會遭到粗暴的對待。

SYN boisterous, hard, tough, aggressive
roughly

  • A hand roughly pushed him aside.

    一只手粗魯地把他推到了一邊。

roughness

  • He regretted his roughness.

    他對自己的粗魯感到後悔。

3 ADJ-GRADED

(地區、城市、學校等)危險的，充斥暴力的，犯罪率高的 A rough area, city, school, or other place is unpleasant and dangerous because there is a lot of violence or crime there. (地區、城市、學校等)危險的，充斥暴力的，犯罪率高的

  • It was quite a rough part of our town.

    這是我們城裏犯罪率很高的地區。

4 ADJ-GRADED [usually ADJ n]

(日子)艱難的，困難的，不愉快的 If you say that someone has had a rough time, you mean that they have had some difficult or unpleasant experiences. (日子)艱難的，困難的，不愉快的

  • All women have a rough time in our society.

    在我們的社會中，所有女性的日子都不好過。

  • Tomorrow, he knew, would be a rough day.

    他知道明天將會是艱難的一天。

SYN unpleasant, hard, difficult, tough
5 ADJ-GRADED [verb-link ADJ]

身體不適的;不舒服的 If you feel rough, you feel ill. 身體不適的;不舒服的 [British, informal]

  • The virus won't go away and the lad is still feeling a bit rough.

    病毒無法清除，這個小夥子仍然覺得有點不舒服。

SYN unwell, poorly [informal] , ill, upset
6 ADJ-GRADED [usually ADJ n]

(計算、猜測)大概的，粗略的，不精確的 A rough calculation or guess is approximately correct, but not exact. (計算、猜測)大概的，粗略的，不精確的

  • We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required.

    我們只能對所需燃料作一個粗略的估計。

  • As a rough guide, a horse needs 2.5 per cent of his body weight in food every day.

    作爲一個大致的參照，一匹馬每天需要吃相當於其體重2.5％的食物。

SYN approximate, estimated, vague, ballpark
roughly

  • Gambling and tourism pay roughly half the entire state budget.

    博彩業和旅遊業支撐着整個國家約一半的財政預算。

  • The Ukraine is roughly equal to France in size and population.

    烏克蘭的面積和人口與法國大致相當。

  • ...a period of very roughly 30 million years.

    非常粗略地算作3,000萬年的一段時間

7 ADJ-GRADED

(想法、描述)粗略的，簡略的，大致的;(圖畫)簡筆的 If you give someone a rough idea, description, or drawing of something, you indicate only the most important features, without much detail. (想法、描述)粗略的，簡略的，大致的;(圖畫)簡筆的

  • I've got a rough idea of what he looks like.

    我已經大致知道他長什麽樣子了。

  • It often helps to make a rough sketch showing where the vehicles were.

    畫一個簡略的草圖標示車輛當時所在的位置往往很有用。

SYN vague, general, sketchy, imprecise
roughly

  • He knew roughly what was about to be said.

    他大概知道要說些什麽。

  • Roughly speaking, a scientific humanist is somebody who believes in science and in humanity but not in God.

    簡單來講，科學人道主義者是相信科學和人道主義而不相信上帝的人。

8 ADJ-GRADED

做工粗糙的;不精致的;簡陋的 You can say that something is rough when it is not neat and well made. 做工粗糙的;不精致的;簡陋的

  • ...a rough wooden table.

    做工粗糙的木桌子

  • ...chairs set in a rough circle in the middle of the room.

    房間中央大致圍成一圈的椅子

SYN rough-hewn, crude, uncut, unpolished
roughly

  • Roughly chop the tomatoes and add them to the casserole.

    把西紅柿大致切一切，然後放到炖鍋裏。

  • ...houses, roughly painted white or blue.

    簡單刷成白色或藍色的房子

9 ADJ-GRADED

(天氣)惡劣的，狂風暴雨的;(海面)波浪滔天的 If the sea or the weather at sea is rough, the weather is windy or stormy and there are very big waves. (天氣)惡劣的，狂風暴雨的;(海面)波浪滔天的

  • A fishing vessel and a cargo ship collided in rough seas.

    一艘捕魚船和一艘貨船在波濤洶湧的海上相撞了。

10 ADV [ADVERB after verb]

風餐露宿地;無家可歸地;流浪地 When people sleep or live rough, they sleep out of doors, usually because they have no home. 風餐露宿地;無家可歸地;流浪地 [British]

  • It makes me so sad when I see young people begging or sleeping rough on the streets.

    我看到年輕人沿街乞討、露宿街頭，心裏會非常難過。

11 VERB

過（從前沒有過的）艱苦的生活 If you have to rough it, you have to live without the possessions and comforts that you normally have. 過（從前沒有過的）艱苦的生活

  • You won't be roughing it; each room comes equipped with a telephone and a 3-channel radio. [VERB it]

    你不會過得太艱苦;每個房間都配備了一部電話和一台可以接收3個頻道的收音機。

12 rough justice→see: justice 
Phrasal verbs:

rough out rough up
Thesaurus
Thesaurusrough Also look up:
ADJ.

coarse, harsh; (ant.) smooth 1

approximate, estimated, vague; (ant.) exact 6 7

Trends of rough
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