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IELTS BNC: 541 COCA: 414
cut
kʌt kʌt
Word forms: plural , 3rd person singular present tense cuts, present participle cutting
The form cut is used in the present tense and is the past tense and past participle. cut的过去式和过去分词与原形相同。
1 VERB 切;割;剪;砍;割破;划破 If you cut something, you use a knife or a similar tool to divide it into pieces, or to mark it or damage it. If you cut a shape or a hole in something, you make the shape or hole by using a knife or similar tool. 切;割;剪;砍;割破;划破

  • Mrs. Haines stood nearby, holding scissors to cut a ribbon. [VERB noun]

    海恩斯夫人站在旁边，手持剪刀准备剪彩。

  • Cut the tomatoes in half vertically. [VERB noun prep./adv.]

    把西红柿纵向切成两半。

  • The thieves cut a hole in the fence. [VERB noun prep./adv.]

    盗贼在篱笆上割了个洞。

  • Mr. Long was now cutting himself a piece of the pink cake. [VERB noun noun]

    朗先生正在给自己切一块粉色蛋糕。

  • You can hear the saw as it cuts through the bones. [VERB + through]

    你能听到锯子锯进骨头里的声音。

  • ...thinly cut cucumber sandwiches. [VERB-ed]

    切得很薄的黄瓜三明治

SYN carve, slice
Cut is also a noun.

  • The operation involves making several cuts in the cornea.

    该手术要在角膜上做几个切口。

2 VERB 割伤，划伤(自己) If you cut yourself or cut a part of your body, you accidentally injure yourself on a sharp object so that you bleed. 割伤，划伤(自己)

  • Johnson cut himself shaving. [VERB pronoun-reflexive]

    约翰逊刮胡子时刮伤了自己。

  • I started to cry because I cut my finger. [VERB noun]

    我因为割破手指哭了起来。

  • Zoe was badly cut as she scrambled down rocks to reach him. [VERB noun]

    佐薇爬下岩石去够他，被划得满身是伤。

  • Blood from his cut lip trickled over his chin. [VERB-ed]

    血从他划伤的嘴唇涌出顺着下巴往下流。

Cut is also a noun.

  • He had sustained a cut on his left eyebrow.

    他左眼眉上留下了一道疤。

  • ...cuts and bruises.

    割伤和擦伤

3 VERB 修剪;剪短 If you cut something such as grass, your hair, or your fingernails, you shorten them using scissors or another tool. 修剪;剪短

  • The most recent tenants hadn't even cut the grass. [VERB noun]

    上一拨房客连草都没有修剪。

  • You have to learn not to cut your toenails in the living room. [VERB noun]

    你要知道不可以在起居室里剪脚趾甲。

  • You've had your hair cut, it looks great. [have noun VERB-ed]

    你理发了，看上去不错。

  • She had dark red hair, cut short. [VERB-ed]

    她有一头深红色的短发。

SYN clip, mow, trim, dock
Cut is also a noun.

  • Prices vary from salon to salon, starting at £17 for a cut and blow-dry.

    每家理发店的价格都不一样，最便宜的是剪发带吹干共17英镑。

4 VERB [usually passive] 剪裁(服装) The way that clothes are cut is the way they are designed and made. 剪裁(服装)

  • ...badly cut blue suits. [VERB-ed]

    剪裁得很差劲的蓝色套装

5 VERB 轻松地穿过(或通过) To cut through something means to move or pass through it easily. 轻松地穿过(或通过)

  • I could see long canoes cutting through the waves. [VERB through noun]

    我看见长长的独木舟破浪而行。

6 VERB 抄近路 If you cut across or through a place, you go through it because it is the shortest route to another place. 抄近路

  • He decided to cut across the Heath, through Greenwich Park. [V + across/through]

    他决定抄近路走格林尼治公园穿过希思区。

7See also:short cut 
8 VERB 消减;缩减;裁减 If you cut something, you reduce it. 消减;缩减;裁减

  • The first priority is to cut costs. [VERB noun]

    当务之急是降低成本。

  • The UN force is to be cut by 90%.

    联合国部队将裁减90%。

  • ...a deal to cut 50 billion dollars from the federal deficit. [V amount + from/off]

    一项削减500亿美元联邦赤字的协议

SYN reduce, lower, slim (down), diminish
Cut is also a noun.

  • The economy needs an immediate 2 per cent cut in interest rates.

    当前经济状况需要立即将利率下调两个百分点。

  • ...the government's plans for tax cuts.

    政府的减税计划

9 VERB 缩减;删减;删节 If you cut a text, broadcast, or performance, you shorten it. If you cut a part of a text, broadcast, or performance, you do not publish, broadcast, or perform that part. 缩减;删减;删节

  • Branagh has cut the play judiciously. [VERB noun]

    布拉纳对这部剧进行了高明的删改。

  • The audience wants more music and less drama, so we've cut some scenes. [VERB noun]

    观众想要多一些音乐，少一些表演，所以我们删掉了一些场景。

SYN delete, take out, excise, edit out
Cut is also a noun.

  • It has been found necessary to make some cuts in the text.

    发现有必要对该文本进行一些删节。

10 VERB 停止，切断(供应) To cut a supply of something means to stop providing it or stop it being provided. 停止，切断(供应)

  • They used pressure tactics to force them to return, including cutting food and water supplies. [VERB noun]

    他们采用施加压力的策略迫使他们回来，包括切断食物和水的供应。

SYN stop, suspend, interrupt, discontinue
Cut is also a noun.

  • The strike had already led to cuts in electricity and water supplies in many areas.

    罢工已经导致很多地区停电、停水。

11 VERB 切(牌);倒(牌) If you cut a pack of playing cards, you divide it into two. 切(牌);倒(牌)

  • Place the cards face down on the table and cut them. [VERB noun]

    把纸牌正面朝下放在桌子上，然后切牌。

12 CONVENTION 停(电影导演要求停止拍摄时的用语) When the director of a film says 'cut', they want the actors and the camera crew to stop filming. 停(电影导演要求停止拍摄时的用语)
13 VERB 灌制(唱片);制作(激光唱片) When a singer or band cuts a CD, they make a recording of their music. 灌制(唱片);制作(激光唱片)

  • She eventually cut her own album. [VERB noun]

    她终于录制了自己的专辑。

14 VERB 开始长(新牙) When a child cuts a tooth, a new tooth starts to grow through the gum. 开始长(新牙)

  • Many infants do not cut their first tooth until they are a year old. [VERB noun]

    很多婴儿到一岁大时才开始长牙。

15 VERB 旷(课);逃(学) If a child cuts classes or cuts school, they do not go to classes or to school when they are supposed to. 旷(课);逃(学) [mainly US]

  • Cutting school more than once in three months is a sign of trouble. [VERB noun]

    3个月内旷课次数超过一次就可能有麻烦了。

16 VERB (不耐烦地让人停止做某事)别…，不要… If you tell someone to cut something, you are telling them in an irritated way to stop it. (不耐烦地让人停止做某事)别…，不要… [mainly US, informal, feelings]

  • 'Cut the euphemisms, Daniel,' Brenda snapped. [VERB noun]

    “丹尼尔，别绕弯子了，”布伦达厉声说道。

  • Why don't you just cut the crap and open the door. [VERB noun]

    你为什么不能停止废话去把门打开。

17 N-COUNT (从动物躯体上)割下的一块肉 A cut of meat is a piece or type of meat which is cut in a particular way from the animal, or from a particular part of it. (从动物躯体上)割下的一块肉

  • Use a cheap cut such as spare rib chops.

    用一块便宜点的肉，比如肋排肉。

18 N-SING [oft poss NOUN] (尤指通过不诚实手段获得的)份，份额 Someone's cut of the profits or winnings from something, especially ones that have been obtained dishonestly, is their share. (尤指通过不诚实手段获得的)份，份额 [informal]

  • The lawyers, of course, take their cut of the little guy's winnings. [+ of]

    律师们自然从那个小家伙赢得的钱中分到了他们的一份。

SYN share, piece, slice, percentage
19 N-COUNT (在山中开凿的公路或铁路)通道，路堑 A cut is a narrow valley which has been cut through a hill so that a road or railroad track can pass through. (在山中开凿的公路或铁路)通道，路堑 [US]
in BRIT, use 英国英语用 cutting
20 See also: cutting 
21 PHRASE 优于;比…高一等;胜…一筹 If you say that someone or something is a cut above other people or things of the same kind, you mean they are better than them. 优于;比…高一等;胜…一筹 [informal]

  • Joan Smith's detective stories are a cut above the rest.

    琼·史密斯的侦探小说比其他侦探小说都要出色。

22 PHRASE [VERB inflects] 假装没看见;不理睬 If you see someone you know and cut them dead, you ignore them. 假装没看见;不理睬
23 PHRASE 已成定局的;板上钉钉的 If you say that a situation or solution is cut and dried, you mean that it is clear and definite. 已成定局的;板上钉钉的

  • Unfortunately, things cannot be as cut and dried as many people would like.

    不幸的是，事情并不像很多人希望的那样确定。

  • We are aiming for guidelines, not cut-and-dried answers.

    我们想要的是指导原则，不是固定的答案。

SYN clear-cut, settled, fixed, organized
24 PHRASE [VERB inflects] (使)摆脱影响;(使)摆脱束缚 If a person or an organization cuts loose or is cut loose, they become free from the influence or authority of other people. (使)摆脱影响;(使)摆脱束缚

  • He's cut loose from this business except, possibly, where James is concerned.

    可能除了詹姆斯外，公司里都没人能管得了他。

  • It's about to be cut loose from the state on which it has so long depended.

    它将脱离长期依附的国家，实现独立自主。

25 PHRASE [Vs inflect] 急忙逃走;撒腿就跑 If someone cuts and runs in a difficult situation, they try to escape from it quickly and gain an advantage for themselves, rather than deal with the situation in a responsible way. 急忙逃走;撒腿就跑 [informal, disapproval]

  • ...his cowardly decision to cut and run.

    他作出逃跑的懦弱决定

26 PHRASE 完成(任务);应付(局势) If you say that someone can't cut it, you mean that they do not have the qualities needed to do a task or cope with a situation. 完成(任务);应付(局势) [informal]

  • He doesn't think English-born players can cut it abroad.

    他认为出生于英格兰的选手在国外不会取得好成绩。

27 PHRASE 精彩片断;激情时刻 If you talk about the cut and thrust of an activity, you are talking about the aspects of it that make it exciting and challenging. 精彩片断;激情时刻

  • ...cut-and-thrust debate between two declared adversaries.

    公然对立的两个对手之间的激烈辩论

28 PHRASE 有利有弊;两面都行得通 If you say that something cuts both ways, you mean that it can have two opposite effects, or can have both good and bad effects. 有利有弊;两面都行得通

  • This publicity cuts both ways. It focuses on us as well as on them.

    这种宣传有利也有弊。它使得人们关注我们，同样也关注了他们。

29 to cut something to the bone→see: bone  to cut corners→see: corner  to cut a particular figure→see: figure  to cut the mustard→see: mustard  to cut someone to the quick→see: quick  to cut someone down to size→see: size  to cut a long story short→see: story  to cut your teeth on something→see: tooth 
30 PHRASAL VERB 停止，中断(供给) To cut off a supply of something means to stop providing it or stop it being provided. 停止，中断(供给)

  • The rebels have cut off electricity from the capital.

    叛军已经切断了来自首都的供电。

  • His company is preparing to shut down in the event that their water supply is cut off.

    假如供水被切断，他所在的公司就准备关闭。

  • Our phone's been cut off.

    我们的电话被切断了。

  • Why cut the money off?

    为什么中断资金的供应？

SYN stop, suspend, interrupt, discontinue
31 PHRASAL VERB 切断，中断(通话) If you get cut off when you are on the telephone, the line is suddenly disconnected and you can no longer speak to the other person. 切断，中断(通话)

  • When you do get through, you've got to say your piece quickly before you get cut off.

    电话接通后，你最好在断线之前尽快把话说完。

  • I'm going to cut you off now because we've got lots of callers waiting.

    就谈到这里好吗，因为我们还有很多打来电话的人在等着呢。

32 PHRASAL VERB 打断(讲话) If you cut someone off when they are speaking, you interrupt them and stop them from speaking. 打断(讲话)

  • 'But, sir, I'm under orders to —' Clark cut him off. 'Don't argue with me.'

    “但是，先生，我是奉命—”克拉克打断他说道：“别跟我争辩。”

33 See also: cut-off  to cut off your nose to spite your face→see: spite 
Phrasal verbs:
cut across cut back cut down cut in cut off cut off cut out cut up
ThesaurusVisual Thesaurus
Thesauruscut Also look up:
N.

gash, incision, slit 1

gash, nick, wound 2

VERB.

carve, slice, trim 1

graze, nick, stab 2

mow, shave, trim 3

decrease, lower, reduce; (ant.) increase 8

Visual Thesaurus
Trends of cut
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IELTS BNC: 541 COCA: 414
cut

noun¹

 1hole/opening made by cutting割開的口ADJECTIVE | VERB + CUT | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤clean, neat乾淨利落的切口➤little, small小切口➤long長切口➤straight筆直的切口VERB + CUT➤make切出口子▸➤give切口◇a high-quality blade that gives a clean cut切口光潔的高質量刀刃PREPOSITION➤cut in在⋯上的切口◇Using sharp scissors, make a small cut in the material.用鋒利的剪刀在布料上剪一個小口。
cut

noun²

 2wound傷口ADJECTIVE | VERB + CUT | CUT + VERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤bad, deep, nasty嚴重的傷口；很深的傷口➤little, small, tiny小傷口◇He has a small cut on his finger.他手指上劃了一個小口。➤minor, slight, superficial輕微的割傷；表皮傷口▸➤clean未受感染的傷口➤fresh, new新傷口➤open未瘉合的創傷➤paper被紙邊劃傷的口子VERB + CUT➤have有傷口▸➤get, suffer被割傷◇She got a bad cut over her right eye.她右眼上有一個很嚴重的傷口。➤clean清潔傷口◇Clean the cut and cover it to prevent infection.洗淨傷口並包紮起來以防感染。➤bandage, cover, dress用繃帶包紮／包紮／敷裹傷口➤heal使傷口瘉合CUT + VERB➤heal傷口瘉合◇A clean cut heals quickly.未受感染的傷口瘉合得快。PREPOSITION➤cut on在⋯上的傷口◇a cut on her hand她手上的傷口➤cut to⋯的傷口◇One man was attacked and suffered cuts to his face.一名男子受到了襲擊，臉部受傷。PHRASES➤cuts and bruises, cuts and scrapes傷口和挫傷；傷口和劃傷
cut

noun³

 3act of cutting sb's hair; hairstyle理髮；髮型ADJECTIVE | VERB + CUT | PHRASES ADJECTIVE➤hair (usually haircut) 理髮；髮型➤short短髮➤buzz, crew板寸；平頭VERB + CUT➤have請人剪⋯◇I've made an appointment to have a haircut.我已經預約好了去理髮。➤need需要理髮➤give sb給某人剪髮PHRASES➤cut and blow-dry剪髮和吹乾
cut

noun⁴

 4reduction削減ADJECTIVE | ... OF CUTS | VERB + CUT | CUT + VERB | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤big, deep, large, major, severe, sharp, significant, substantial大幅削減；巨額削減▸➤draconian, dramatic, drastic, huge, massive, savage (BrE) 嚴厲的／突然的／急劇的／巨大的／大規模的／猛烈的削減➤across-the-board, swingeing (BrE) 全面的／巨額的削減➤small小幅削減▸➤federal, government聯邦政府／政府削減➤income, pay, salary, wage (especially BrE) 收入縮減；減薪；減工資➤expenditure, financial, spending開支／財政／開銷縮減➤benefit, budget, defence/defense, education, funding, job, service, staff補助金降低；預算削減；國防開支削減；教育經費緊縮；資金削減；工作崗位削減；服務減少；裁員▸➤cost, interest-rate, price, rate, tax成本減少；利率降低；降價；費用降低；減稅➤proposed提議的削減... OF CUTS➤round一輪裁減◇The company has announced a new round of job cuts.公司已宣佈進行新一輪的裁員。VERB + CUT➤impose, make實行／進行削減◇They are planning to make substantial cuts in the service.他們計劃在服務方面進行大幅削減。➤announce, propose宣佈／建議縮減◇proposed tax cuts減稅建議➤face面臨縮減▸➤accept, suffer, take接受裁減◇The staff have all had to take a cut in salary.全體員工都得接受減薪。➤oppose, support反對／支持裁減CUT + VERB➤come into effect裁減生效◇The cuts will come into effect next May.裁減將於下一個 5 月生效。PREPOSITION➤cut in在⋯方面的削減◇cuts in public spending公共開支的緊縮
cut

noun⁵

 5piece of meat肉塊ADJECTIVE | PREPOSITION ADJECTIVE➤choice, expensive, good, lean, prime中上等肉塊；昂貴的肉塊；優質肉塊；瘦肉塊；上等肉塊▸➤cheap廉價肉塊▸➤cold cuts (especially NAmE) 冷盤肉片PREPOSITION➤cut of⋯肉塊◇The recipe calls for a good lean cut of beef.菜譜要求用上好的精瘦牛肉塊。
cut

noun⁶

 6share in the profits一份利潤VERB + CUT | PREPOSITION VERB + CUT➤get, have, take得到分紅；有分紅；獲得分紅◇By the time the organizers have had their cut, there won't be much left.組織者們分紅後，就會所剩無幾。➤want想要分紅◇If there's money to be made from selling photos of her, she wants her cut.如果出售她的照片能賺錢，她想得到自己的那一份。PREPOSITION➤cut of⋯的分紅◇He takes a cut of the profits.他獲得了一份利潤。
cut

verb¹

 1with a knife, scissors, etc.切成；剪成ADVERB | PREPOSITION | PHRASES ADVERB➤thick切厚片◇Make sure you cut the bread nice and thick.一定要把麪包切得厚一些。➤thinly切薄片▸➤cleanly, neatly切得乾淨利落◇Cut the stem cleanly, just beneath a leaf joint.把莖切整齊點，正好切在葉根下。➤easily容易切割◇Sandstone cuts easily.砂岩容易切割。➤lengthways, lengthwise縱向切；豎切◇Cut the carrots in half lengthwise.把胡蘿蔔縱切成兩半。➤away, back, down, off, out砍掉；剪短；砍倒；剁掉；砍去◇Some trees had been cut down.有些樹已被砍倒了。PREPOSITION➤away砍掉◇They cut away all the dead branches from the tree.他們修剪掉樹上所有的枯枝。➤back剪短➤from從⋯上砍下➤into切（入）；切成⋯◇She picked up the knife and cut into the meat.她拿起刀來切入肉中。◇He cut the bread into thin slices.他把麪包切成薄片。➤off切掉➤out切去▸➤through切開◇I can't cut through this wood.我劈不開這塊木頭。PHRASES➤cut and paste (computing計算機) 剪貼◇You can cut and paste between different programs.你可以在不同程序之間剪貼。➤cut sb/sth free, cut sb/sth loose把⋯釋放出來◇Two survivors were cut free after being trapped for twenty minutes.兩名幸存者受困 20 分鐘後獲救。➤cut sb's hair short剪短某人的頭髮◇I told the stylist I wanted my hair cut short.我告訴髮型師我想把頭髮剪短。➤cut sth into pieces把⋯切成片◇Cut the cake into six pieces.把蛋糕切成 6 片。➤cut sth in half, cut sth in two把⋯切成兩半◇She cut the loaf in two and gave me one of the halves.她把那條麪包切成兩半，把其中一半給了我。➤cut sth open使⋯破開◇She fell and cut her head open.她摔了一跤，把頭磕破了。➤freshly cut剛剛剪下◇freshly cut flowers剛剪下來的花朵
cut

verb²

 2reduce sth削減ADVERB | VERB + CUT | PREPOSITION ADVERB➤considerably, dramatically, drastically, sharply, significantly大幅削減▸➤short中斷◇His career was cut short by injury.他因傷提早結束了職業生涯。VERB + CUT➤try to盡量減少▸➤manage to設法減少◇We have managed to cut our costs drastically.我們已設法使成本大大地降低了。➤be forced to, have to被迫／不得不減少PREPOSITION➤by減少（⋯）◇The department has to cut its spending by 30%.該部門得縮減 30% 的開支。➤from, to從⋯減少；減到⋯◇The price has been cut from €250 to €175.價格從 250 歐元減到了 175 歐元。
cut

verb

 ●cut backADVERB➤drastically, severely, significantly急劇／大幅／明顯裁減◇Social work services have been cut back drastically.社會工作機構已被大量裁減。VERB + CUT BACK➤be forced to, have to被迫／不得不減少PREPOSITION➤on在⋯方面減少◇Local authorities have been forced to cut back on expenditure.地方政府被迫減少開支。➤to減少到◇We should cut back to previous levels of spending.我們應該減少到先前的開支水平。●cut downADVERB➤considerably, drastically大幅削減▸➤gradually逐步削減VERB + CUT DOWN➤try to努力削減▸➤manage to設法減少▸➤advise sb to勸說某人削減PREPOSITION➤on縮減⋯◇I'm trying to cut down on fatty foods.我現在盡量少吃含脂肪多的食物。●cut sb/sth off1. interrupt sb/sth打斷ADVERB➤abruptly, suddenly使突然中斷◇His thoughts were abruptly cut off by a blinding flash of pain.一陣令人頭暈目眩的疼痛突然打斷了他的思緒。2. prevent sb/sth from leaving/reaching a place阻斷去路ADVERB➤completely, totally徹底／全部切斷▸➤effectively, largely, virtually基本上切斷；差不多切斷PREPOSITION➤from使與⋯隔離◇They were completely cut off from the outside world.他們完全與世隔絕了。
IELTS BNC: 541 COCA: 414
cut verb
⇨ cut 1 (cut taxes) ⇨ cut 2 (cut the bread) ⇨ cut 3 (have your hair cut) ⇨ cut 4 (cut your finger) ⇨ delete (cut and paste) ⇨ free 1 (cut the injured driver from the wreckage)cut noun
⇨ injury (a deep cut on his arm) ⇨ reduction (a cut in salary) ⇨ share (a cut of 5%)cut1

verb

 cut taxes 减税cut the bread 切面包have your hair cut 理发cut your finger 割破手指  ➡ See also the entries for abolish, reduce and save 2 另见abolish条、reduce条和save条第2义cut ♦︎ slash ♦︎ cut sth back ♦︎ cut sth down ♦︎ scale sth back ♦︎ rationalize ♦︎ downsize ♦︎ scale sth downThese words all mean to reduce the amount or size of sth, especially of an amount of money or a business. 这些词均表示削减、缩减、裁减，尤指减少资金或企业规模。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to cut sth / cut sth back / cut sth down / downsize sth / scale sth down from $50 000 to $40 000◆to cut sth / cut sth back / cut sth down / scale sth down by $5 000 / 30%◆to cut back / cut down on sth◆to cut / slash / cut back on / cut down on / scale back / rationalize spending / production◆to cut / slash / cut back on jobs◆to cut / slash / downsize the workforce◆to cut / slash / rationalize the cost of sth◆to cut sth / slash sth / cut sth back / cut sth down / scale sth down drastically◆to cut sth / cut sth back / cut sth down considerably■ cut (cutting, cut, cut) [transitive] to reduce sth, especially an amount of money that is demanded, spent, earned, etc. or the size of a business 削减，缩减，裁减（尤指经费、开支、收入或企业规模）◆The President has promised to cut taxes significantly.总统承诺大幅减税。◆Could you cut your essay from 5 000 to 3 000 words?请把你的文章从5 000字删减到3 000字好吗？  see also cut ⇨ reduction noun ■ slash [transitive, often passive] (rather informal, journalism 新闻) to reduce sth by a large amount 大幅削减；大大降低◆The workforce has been slashed by half.职工人数裁减了一半。◆A slump in the retail trade has forced the company to slash prices.零售行业不景气迫使那家公司大幅降价。■ ˌcut sth ˈback■ ˌcut ˈback on sth

phrasal verb

(cutting, cut, cut)to reduce sth, especially an amount of money or business 削减，缩减，裁减（尤指资金或业务量）◆If we don't sell more we'll have to cut back production.我们若不能多销，就得减产。◆The local authority is trying to cut back significantly on spending this year.地方当局今年试图大幅削减开支。   see also cutback ⇨ reduction ■ ˌcut sth ˈdown■ ˌcut ˈdown on sth

phrasal verb

(cutting, cut, cut)to reduce the size, amount or number of sth 削减，缩小（规模、数量或数目）◆The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking.医生劝他少喝酒。◆I won't have a cigarette, thanks－I'm trying to cut down (= smoke fewer).谢谢，我不抽。我现在尽量少抽烟。■ ˌscale sth ˈback

phrasal verb

 (especially NAmE or business 商业) to reduce sth, especially an amount of money or business 削减，缩减，裁减（尤指资金或业务量）◆The IMF has scaled back its growth forecasts for the next decade.国际货币基金组织已经调低它对未来十年的增长预测。■ rationalize (BrE also rationalise) [transitive, intransitive] (BrE, business 商业) to make changes to a business or system, in order to make it more efficient, especially by spending less money 使合理化；进行合理化改革；使增加效益◆Twenty workers lost their jobs when the department was rationalized.在部门的合理化改革中有二十名工人失业。▸ rationalization (BrE also rationalisation)

noun

 [uncountable, countable] ◆a need for rationalization of the industry对这一行业进行合理化改革的必要性■ downsize ˈdaʊnsaɪz [intransitive, transitive] (business 商业) to make a company or organization smaller by reducing the number of jobs in it, in order to reduce costs （公司或机构）裁员，精减◆The worsening situation forced the company to downsize from 39 employees to 7.日益恶化的状况迫使那家公司将员工人数从39个裁减到7个。◆The larger companies are all planning to downsize their US operations.较大的公司都正计划精减在美国的运营。ⓘ Downsize is often used by people who want to avoid saying more obvious words like 'fire', 'dismiss', 'lay sb off' or 'make sb redundant' because they sound too negative. 用downsize常是为了避免说fire、dismiss、lay sb off或make sb redundant等更直白的词，因为这些词听起来过于负面。■ ˌscale sth ˈdown

phrasal verb

to reduce the number, size or extent of sth 减少（数量）；缩小（规模或范围）◆We are thinking of scaling down our training programmes next year.我们在考虑缩小明年的培训规模。◆He was using scaled-down versions of his father's tools.他使用的那些工具比他父亲的尺寸小。NOTE 辨析 Cut, cut sth back, cut sth down, scale sth back or scale sth down? Cut is the most general of these words. Cut sth back and scale sth back are both used especially to talk about money or business. Cut sth down and scale sth down are both more general, but are used more for talking about things other than money or business. * cut在这些词中含义最广。cut sth back和scale sth back尤用于谈论金钱或生意。cut sth down和scale sth down使用范围较广，但多用于谈论金钱和生意以外的事物。cut2

verb

 cut taxes 减税cut the bread 切面包have your hair cut 理发cut your finger 割破手指cut ♦︎ chop ♦︎ slice ♦︎ carve ♦︎ diceThese words all mean to make smaller pieces of sth by using sth sharp such as a knife. 这些词均表示切、割。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to cut / chop / slice / carve sth into sth◆to cut / chop / slice sth off sth◆to cut / slice sth in half / two◆to cut / chop / slice sth up◆to cut / chop / slice / carve / dice meat◆to cut / slice bread / cake◆to chop / slice an onion◆to cut / chop / slice / dice sth finely◆to cut / slice sth thinly■ cut (cutting, cut, cut) [transitive] to remove sth or a part of sth, or divide sth into two or more pieces with a knife, etc.; to make or form sth by removing material with a knife, etc. （用刀等从某物上）切下，割下；（用刀等将某物）切成，割成◆He cut four slices from the loaf.他从一条面包上切下四片。◆He cut the loaf into thick slices.他把那条面包切成了厚片。◆Shall I cut you a piece of cake?要我给你切块蛋糕吗？◆Don't cut the string; untie the knot.不要割断绳子，把结解开。◆The climbers cut steps in the ice.登山者在冰上凿出踏脚处。■ chop (-pp-) [transitive] to make smaller pieces of sth using sth sharp such as a knife 切碎；剁碎；砍；劈◆He was chopping logs for firewood.他在把原木劈成柴火。◆Roughly chop the herbs.把香草稍微切一下。■ slice [transitive, intransitive] to cut sth into slices; to cut sth easily with or as if with a sharp blade 把⋯切成片；切；割；划◆Slice the cucumber thinly.把黄瓜切成薄片。◆a sliced loaf切片面包◆a loaf of sliced bread一条切片面包◆He accidentally sliced through his finger.他不小心把指头割破了。  see also slice ⇨ piece ■ carve [transitive, intransitive] to cut a large piece of cooked meat into smaller pieces for eating 把（熟肉）切成块◆She taught me how to carve a leg of lamb.她教我如何切羊腿。◆Lunch is ready. Who's going to carve?午饭好了，谁来把肉切开？■ dice [transitive] to cut meat, vegetables, etc. into small square pieces 把（肉、菜等）切成丁◆diced carrots / lamb胡萝卜丁；羊肉丁cut3

verb

 cut taxes 减税cut the bread 切面包have your hair cut 理发cut your finger 割破手指cut ♦︎ trim ♦︎ shave ♦︎ mow ♦︎ lop ♦︎ shear ♦︎ snip ♦︎ crop ♦︎ clipThese words all mean to make sth shorter or neater by removing part of it with a sharp tool. 这些词均表示剪短或修剪。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to cut / trim / shave / lop / snip / clip sth off sth◆to cut / trim / shave / lop / shear / snip / clip sth off◆to cut / shave / lop / shear / snip / clip sth from sth◆to cut / trim / shave / shear / snip / crop / clip hair◆to cut / trim / clip a hedge◆to cut / clip your / sb's nails◆to cut / mow the grass / lawn◆to cut / trim / clip sth neatly■ cut (cutting, cut, cut) [transitive] to make sth shorter by cutting; to remove sth from sth larger by cutting 剪短；修剪；割下；切掉◆I'm going to get / have my hair cut really short.我要把头发理得很短。◆He had his finger cut off in an accident at work.他在工作时出了意外，切掉了一根手指。▸ cut

noun

 [countable] ◆Using sharp scissors, make a small cut in the material.用锋利的剪刀在这块布料上剪一个小口。◆to have a haircut理发■ trim (-mm-) [transitive] to make sth neater, smaller or better by cutting parts from it; to cut away unnecessary parts from sth 修剪；割掉，剪下（不必要的部分）◆Trim the edges with a sharp knife.用锋利的刀修修边。◆His beard was neatly trimmed.他的胡子修剪得很整齐。◆Trim some of the fat off the meat.把多余的肥膘从肉上切掉。▸ trim

noun

 [countable, usually singular] ◆The hedge needs a trim.树篱需要修剪了。■ shave [transitive, intransitive] to cut hair from the skin, especially the face, using a razor (= a special instrument that cuts close to the skin) 剃（须发）；（尤指）刮脸◆He has completely shaved his head.他剃了一个光头。◆I cut myself (= made myself bleed) when I was shaving.我刮胡子时把脸划破了。▸ shave

noun

 [countable, usually singular] ◆I need a shave.我需要刮胡子了。■ mow məʊ; NAmE moʊ(mowed, mown or mowed, mowed) [transitive] to cut grass, etc. using a machine or tool that has a special blade or blades 刈；割，修剪（草等）◆The lawn needs mowing every week in summer.夏天每周都要修剪草坪。■ lop (-pp-) [transitive] to remove part of sth by cutting it, especially to remove branches from a tree 砍掉；剪掉；（尤指）修剪（树枝）◆The men began lopping branches from a row of beech trees.那些人开始修剪一排山毛榉的树枝。■ shear ʃɪə(r); NAmE ʃɪr(sheared, shorn or sheared, sheared) [transitive] to cut the wool off a sheep; to cut off sb's hair 剪（羊毛或头发）◆It was time for the sheep to be shorn.是剪羊毛的时节了。◆ (formal) The prisoners' hair was shorn.那些囚犯的头发被剪掉了。■ snip (-pp-) [transitive] to cut sth with scissors using short, quick strokes （用剪刀快速）剪，剪断，剪开◆Snip a tiny hole in the paper.在纸上剪一个小孔。◆She snipped at the stitching.她把针脚剪掉。◆Snip off the end of the tube.把管子末端剪掉。▸ snip

noun

 [countable] ◆Make a series of snips along the edge of the fabric.顺着布边细碎地剪。■ crop (-pp-) [transitive] to cut sb's hair very short 将（头发）剪得很短◆His hair was closely cropped.他的头发剪得很短。■ clip (-pp-) [transitive] to cut sth with scissors, etc. in order to make it shorter or neater; to remove sth by cutting it off 剪（掉）；修剪◆The trees had been clipped into formal shapes.那些树已经修剪成整齐的形状了。◆He clipped off a piece of wire with the pliers.他用钳子剪掉了一段电线。cut4

verb

 cut taxes 减税cut the bread 切面包have your hair cut 理发cut your finger 割破手指cut ♦︎ slash ♦︎ slit ♦︎ split ♦︎ nick ♦︎ gashThese words all mean to make an opening or wound in sth with sth sharp. 这些词均表示切开、划破。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to cut / slash / slit sb's throat / your wrists◆to cut / split your head / lip◆to cut / nick yourself◆to cut / slit / split sth open■ cut (cutting, cut, cut) [transitive] to make an opening or a wound in sth, especially with a sharp tool such as a knife or scissors （尤指用刀、剪等利器）切，割，割破，划破◆She cut her finger on a piece of glass.一块玻璃划破了她的手指。◆He cut himself (= his face) shaving.他刮胡子把脸刮破了。◆Workmen cut a hole in the pipe.工人在管道里凿了一个孔。◆You need a powerful saw to cut through metal.切割金属须用强劲的锯。  see also cut ⇨ injury ■ slash [transitive] to make a long cut with a sharp object, especially in a violent way （用利器）砍，劈◆Someone had slashed the tyres on my car.有人割破了我汽车的轮胎。◆She tried to kill herself by slashing her wrists.她试图割腕自杀。◆We had to slash our way through the undergrowth with sticks.我们挥舞着木棍一路劈砍，才在灌木丛中开出一条路前行。◆He slashed at his opponent with his sword.他挥剑砍向对手。■ slit (slitting, slit, slit) [transitive] to make a long narrow cut or opening in sth 在⋯上开狭长口子；切开；划破◆Slit the roll with a sharp knife.用锋利的刀在面包卷上划开一道口子。◆The victim's throat had been slit.受害者的喉咙被割开了。◆He slit open the envelope and took out the letter.他拆开信封，抽出信来。■ split (splitting, split, split) [transitive] to accidentally cut your skin and make it bleed （意外）划破，割破，碰破（皮肤）◆She fell downstairs and split her head open.她摔下楼梯，把头碰破了。◆How did you split your lip?你怎么把嘴唇划破了？■ nick [transitive] to make a small cut in the surface or edge of sth, especially sb's skin （在⋯表面或边上）划刻痕，使有缺口；使（皮肤）破损◆He nicked himself while shaving.他刮脸时刮了个口子。◆I nicked my finger opening the tin.我开罐头时划破了手指。■ gash [transitive] to make a long deep cut in sth, especially sb's skin 划伤，割伤（皮肤）◆He gashed his hand on a sharp piece of rock.他的手在一块尖石头上划了一个大口子。  see also gash ⇨ injury
IELTS BNC: 541 COCA: 414
cut
Cutting, cuts and relating to cutting: chop, chop, clip...
To use a tool: card, chase, chip away...
Remove by cutting: chop off, clip, crop...
To change the length of something: lengthen, stretch, shorten...
To injure yourself or someone else: injure, harm, wound...
To reduce something: cut back, cut down, reduce...
To use or program a computer: access, archive, back up...
To stop something from continuing or developing: interfere with, inhibit, disrupt...
To make a machine or piece of machinery stop working: break, brick, cannibalise...
Editing, adapting and proofreading: abridge, adapt, append...
Film-making and theatre production: animation, behind the scenes, cine-film...
To perform an action in a card game: bid, call, cut...
To separate an object or area into parts: take apart, take down, divide...
Playing, performing and arranging music: accompany, arrange, articulation...
To become, or to make something weaker: lessen, reduce, subside...
To mix things, or to become mixed: mix, dissolve, stir in...
To move through an area or object: cross, cut across, push...
Skin problems, swellings and injuries: abrasion, abscess, athlete's foot...
Holes and openings in surfaces: abyss, aperture, blowhole...
Rates of decrease and the process of decreasing: decrease, reduction, decline...
Hairdressers and hairdressing: backcomb, barbershop, blow-dry...
Hairstyle and types of hairstyle: Afro, bangs, beehive...
Relating to cloth and fabric: cloth, material, fabric...
Relating to writing and editing: authorial, authorship, censorship...
Joints and cuts of meat: a rack of lamb/pork, beefsteak, braising steak...
Unspecified amounts of money: amount, appropriation, a price on someone's head...
Tricks, pretences and dishonest plans: spot fixing, ploy, hoax...
General words for insults and insulting: a slap in the face, cut, insult...
Pieces of music: adagio, air, allegro...
Caves, ditches and cracks: cenote, sinkhole, cave...
Cinema and the film industry: the BFI, the big screen, Bollywood...

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