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BNC: 379 COCA: 477
less
les lɛs

  • Less is often considered to be the comparative form of little.

    less常被看作是little的比较级。

1 DET （数量）较小（或少）的；更小（或少）的（前面可用a little，a lot，a bit，far和much等修饰） You use less to indicate that there is a smaller amount of something than before or than average. You can use 'a little', 'a lot', 'a bit', 'far', and 'much' in front of less. （数量）较小（或少）的；更小（或少）的（前面可用a little，a lot，a bit，far和much等修饰）

  • People should eat less fat to reduce the risk of heart disease.

    人们应该减少脂肪摄入，以降低患心脏病的危险。

  • ...a dishwasher that uses less water and electricity than older machines.

    较旧式机器省水省电的洗碗机

  • Children of very low ability should not be permitted to pay less attention to the sciences.

    不应让能力非常差的孩子放松对理科课程的学习。

Less is also a pronoun.

  • Borrowers are striving to ease their financial position by spending less and saving more.

    借债人正努力减少支出、增加储蓄，以缓解财务紧张的窘况。

Less is also a quantifier.

  • Last year less of the money went into high-technology companies.

    去年，投入高科技公司的资金有所减少。

  • The other option would be for me to own less of the house but that would be stupid.

    还有一个选择是我放弃房子的部分产权，但这是个蠢办法。

2 PREP-PHRASE （用在数字或数量前）少于，低于，比…少 You use less than before a number or amount to say that the actual number or amount is smaller than this. （用在数字或数量前）少于，低于，比…少

  • Motorways actually cover less than 0.1 percent of the countryside.

    高速公路的实际覆盖面积还不到农村地区的0.1%。

  • Less than a half hour later he returned upstairs.

    不到半个小时，他又跑上楼来。

3 ADV-COMPAR [ADVERB adjective/adverb] （某一特性的程度与以往或一般情况相比）较轻地，较差地 You use less to indicate that something or someone has a smaller amount of a quality than they used to or than is average or usual. （某一特性的程度与以往或一般情况相比）较轻地，较差地

  • I often think about those less fortunate than me.

    我经常想到那些没我这么幸运的人。

  • Other amenities, less commonly available, include a library and exercise room.

    还有一些不太常有的设施，包括图书馆和健身房。

  • Poverty is less of a problem now than it used to be. [+ of]

    贫穷问题已较过去有所缓解。

4 ADV-COMPAR 不像…（更像…）；与其说…（倒不如说…） If you say that something is less one thing than another, you mean that it is like the second thing rather than the first. 不像…（更像…）；与其说…（倒不如说…）

  • At first sight it looked less like a capital city than a mining camp.

    乍看上去，它不像是首府，更像是矿工村。

  • Trades union leadership in those days was less a career than a vocation.

    那时候的工会领导与其说是一份职业，倒不如说是一种使命。

5 ADV-COMPAR [ADVERB with verb] （做得）较少，更少 If you do something less than before or less than someone else, you do it to a smaller extent or not as often. （做得）较少，更少

  • We are eating more and exercising less.

    我们吃得多了，锻炼却少了。

  • I see less of any of my friends than I used to. [+ of]

    我见所有朋友都比以前少了。

SYN to a smaller extent, little, barely, not much
6 PHR-CONJ-COORD （用于否定句后）遑论，更何况，更不用说 You use the expressions still less ,much less, and even less after a negative statement in order to introduce and emphasize a further statement, and to make it negative too. （用于否定句后）遑论，更何况，更不用说 [formal, emphasis]

  • I never talked about it, still less about her.

    我从来没说起过这事，更没有提起过她。

  • The boy didn't have a girlfriend, much less a wife.

    这小伙子连女朋友都没有，更不用提老婆了。

7 PREP （用在数字或数量前）扣除，减去 When you are referring to amounts, you use less in front of a number or quantity to indicate that it is to be subtracted from another number or quantity already mentioned. （用在数字或数量前）扣除，减去

  • ...Boyton Financial Services Fees: £750, less £400.

    博伊顿金融服务费：750英镑，扣除400英镑

  • Company car drivers will pay between ten and twenty five percent, less tax.

    公司的司机要支付10%到25%，从中扣除税款。

SYN minus, without, lacking, excepting
Usage Note :

  • You use less to talk about amounts that cannot be counted. ...less meat. When you are talking about things that can be counted, you should use fewer. ...fewer potatoes.

    谈论不可数事物的数量用less，如：less meat（较少的肉）。谈论可数事物则用fewer，如：fewer potatoes（较少的马铃薯）。

8 PHRASE [usu PHR group/cl, PHRASE with verb] 逐渐减少；越来越小 You use less and less to say that something is becoming smaller all the time in degree or amount. 逐渐减少；越来越小

  • The couple seem to spend less and less time together.

    两口子在一起的时间似乎越来越少。

  • She sounded less and less eager to return to Ireland.

    听她话音，她回爱尔兰的热情似乎日渐消退。

  • Many basic goods are now rationed. Less and less is available.

    很多基本商品现在都要定量供给。能买到的东西越来越少。

9 PHRASE 毫不；完全不；一点都不 You use less than to say that something does not have a particular quality. For example, if you describe something as less than perfect, you mean that it is not perfect at all. 毫不；完全不；一点都不 [emphasis]

  • Her greeting was less than enthusiastic.

    她的问候一点都不热情。

  • Her advice has frequently been less than wholly helpful.

    她的建议往往毫无帮助。

10 PHRASE [cl/group PHR] （对某事物或某人的重要性表示惊讶或钦佩）竟然，居然 You can use no less as a way of expressing surprise or admiration at the importance of something or someone. （对某事物或某人的重要性表示惊讶或钦佩）竟然，居然 [emphasis]

  • He had returned to England in an aircraft carrier no less.

    他竟然坐航空母舰回的英格兰。

  • Who wrote the screenplay from Patricia Highsmith's book? Raymond Chandler, no less.

    帕特里夏·海史密斯那本书是谁改编成剧本的？雷蒙德·钱德勒呀，厉害。

11 PHRASE （对某一数目之大表示惊奇）多达 You use no less than before an amount to indicate that the amount is larger than you expected. （对某一数目之大表示惊奇）多达 [emphasis]

  • No less than 35 per cent of the country is protected in the form of parks and nature sanctuaries.

    该国多达35%的地区以公园和自然保护区的形式受到保护。

  • He is lined up for no less than four US television interviews.

    多达4家美国电视媒体排期邀请他上节目接受采访。

12 couldn't care less→see: care  more or less→see: more  nothing less than→see: nothing 
Quotations
Less is more Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Usage
Usageless and fewer
Less is used to describe general amounts (or noncount nouns). Less snow fell in December than in January. Fewer is used to describe amounts of countable items. Maria is working fewer hours this term.
Trends of less
View usage for:All yearsLast 10 yearsLast 50 yearsLast 100 yearsLast 300 years

See also: -less

See also: little

BNC: 379 COCA: 477
BNC: 379 COCA: 477
less adv.
⇨ more or less ⇨ almost
BNC: 379 COCA: 477

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