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TOEFL BNC: 9112 COCA: 9758
stiffen
stɪfən ˈstɪfən
Word forms: 3rd person singular present tense stiffens, present participle stiffening, past tense , past participle stiffened
1 VERB 变得僵硬;变得紧张;绷紧 If you stiffen, you stop moving and stand or sit with muscles that are suddenly tense, for example because you feel afraid or angry. 变得僵硬;变得紧张;绷紧

  • Ada stiffened at the sound of his voice. [VERB]

    埃达听到他的声音吓得人都僵住了。

  • The father's face stiffened with dismay. [VERB]

    父亲因为悲痛而面部表情凝重。

2 V-ERG (肌肉或关节)变得僵硬;(使)变得不易弯曲;(使)变得不灵活 If your muscles or joints stiffen, or if something stiffens them, they become difficult to bend or move. (肌肉或关节)变得僵硬;(使)变得不易弯曲;(使)变得不灵活 [Also VERB n] [Also VERB n PREPOSITION]

  • The blood supply to the skin is reduced when muscles stiffen. [VERB]

    当肌肉变得僵硬时，皮肤的供血量就减少了。

SYN tighten, tense (up), tauten, become stiff
Stiffen up means the same as stiffen .stiffen up 同 stiffen

  • These clothes restrict your freedom of movement and stiffen up the whole body.

    这些衣服使你行动不便，让全身都变得不灵活。

  • 'I just stiffened up, and the more they told me to 'be natural', the more I felt not at all relaxed.'

    “我整个人都僵硬了，他们越是让我‘自然些’，我就越紧张。”

3 V-ERG (态度或行为)变得更强硬，变得更严厉;(使)变得更坚定 If attitudes or behaviour stiffen, or if something stiffens them, they become stronger or more severe, and less likely to be changed. (态度或行为)变得更强硬，变得更严厉;(使)变得更坚定

  • Russian resistance suddenly stiffened because there was no room for retreat. [VERB]

    俄罗斯的反抗突然变得强硬起来，因为已经没有退路了。

  • Canada has recently stiffened its immigration rules. [VERB noun]

    加拿大最近制定了更为严格的移民规定。

SYN strengthen, reinforce, harden, toughen
4 VERB [usually passive] 使(布料等)变挺;使变硬 If something such as cloth is stiffened, it is made firm so that it does not bend easily. 使(布料等)变挺;使变硬

  • This special paper was actually thin, soft Sugiwara paper that had been stiffened with a kind of paste. [be VERB-ed]

    这种特殊的纸实际是一种糨糊浆过的又薄又软的杉原纸。

  • They peeled cold stiffened gloves from their hands. [VERB-ed]

    他们将冻得硬邦邦的手套从手上脱下来。

Phrasal verbs:
stiffen up
Trends of stiffen
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TOEFL BNC: 9112 COCA: 9758
TOEFL BNC: 9112 COCA: 9758
TOEFL BNC: 9112 COCA: 9758
stiffen
Physical sensations associated with emotions: churn, convulse, flutter...
Not moving: still, static, stationary...
To change consistency - general words: atomise, atomize, bake...
To become, or to make something stronger: strengthen, bolster, intensify...

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