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BNC: 119 COCA: 130
last
lɑːst læst læst lɑst
Word forms: 3rd person singular present tense lasts, present participle lasting, past tense , past participle lasted
1 DET

（表示最近過去的）剛過去的星期五/昨晚/去年 You use last in expressions such as last Friday ,last night, and last year to refer, for example, to the most recent Friday, night, or year. （表示最近過去的）剛過去的星期五/昨晚/去年

  • I got married last July.

    我在剛過去的7月裏結了婚。

  • He never made it home at all last night.

    他昨晚根本沒回家。

  • Last month a shopkeeper's nephew was shot dead.

    上個月一名店主的侄子被槍殺了。

  • It is not surprising they did so badly in last year's elections.

    他們在去年選舉中如此糟糕的表現並不奇怪。

2 ADJ

最近的；最近一次的 The last event, person, thing, or period of time is the most recent one. 最近的；最近一次的

  • Much has changed since my last visit.

    從我上次去到現在，很多事情已經變了。

  • At the last count inflation was 10.9 per cent.

    最近一次統計顯示通脹率爲10.9%。

  • I split up with my last boyfriend three years ago.

    我3年前和前任男友分的手。

  • The last few weeks have been hectic.

    過去幾周一直忙得不可開交。

SYN most recent, latest, previous
Last is also a pronoun.

  • The next tide, it was announced, would be even higher than the last.

    據報下一次潮水甚至會比上一次漲得更高。

3 ADV [ADVERB with verb]

上次；最近一次 If something last happened on a particular occasion, that is the most recent occasion on which it happened. 上次；最近一次

  • When were you there last?.

    你上次去是什麽時候？

  • The house is a little more dilapidated than when I last saw it.

    那房子比我上次見到時更破舊了些。

  • Hunting on the trust's 625,000 acres was last debated two years ago.

    有關在該托管機構管理的62.5萬英畝土地上狩獵一事，最近一次辯論是兩年前。

4 ORD

最後的；最末的 The last thing, person, event, or period of time is the one that happens or comes after all the others of the same kind. 最後的；最末的

  • This is his last chance as prime minister.

    這是他作爲首相的最後機會。

  • ...the last three pages of the chapter.

    該章最後3頁

  • She said it was the very last house on the road.

    她說就是路邊最後那間屋子。

  • They didn't come last in their league.

    他們沒有在聯賽中墊底。

Last is also a pronoun.

  • It wasn't the first time that this particular difference had divided them and it wouldn't be the last.

    他們因此事産生分歧不是第一次，也不會是最後一次。

  • The trickiest bits are the last on the list.

    最棘手的部分列在最後。

5 ADV [ADVERB after verb]

最後地；最末地 If you do something last, you do it after everyone else does, or after you do everything else. 最後地；最末地

  • I testified last.

    我最後一個作證。

  • I was always picked last for the football team at school.

    在學校裏分隊踢足球時，我總是最後被挑的那一個。

  • The foreground, nearest the viewer, is painted last.

    距離觀者最近的前景是最後才畫的。

SYN in or at the end, after, behind, in the rear
6 PRON

最後的人 If you are the last to do or know something, everyone else does or knows it before you. 最後的人

  • She was the last to go to bed. [+ to-infinitive]

    她最後一個上床。

  • Riccardo and I are always the last to know what's going on. [+ to-infinitive]

    我和裏卡爾多總是最後才知道發生什麽事情。

7 ADJ

最後剩下的；最末的 Last is used to refer to the only thing, person, or part of something that remains. 最後剩下的；最末的

  • Jed nodded, finishing off the last piece of pizza.

    傑德點點頭，把最後一塊比薩餅吃完。

  • ...the freeing of the last hostage.

    最後一名人質的獲釋

Last is also a noun.

  • He finished off the last of the wine.

    他喝完了最後一點酒。

  • The last of the ten inmates gave themselves up after twenty eight hours on the roof of the prison.

    在監獄屋頂上堅持了28小時後，10名囚犯中的最後幾個終於投降。

8 ADJ

（競賽中）最後留下的，排位在前的 You use last before numbers to refer to a position that someone has reached in a competition after other competitors have been knocked out. （競賽中）最後留下的，排位在前的

  • Sampras reached the last four at Wimbledon.

    桑普拉斯殺入了溫布爾登四強。

  • ...the only woman among the authors making it through to the last six.

    進入最後6人名單的唯一一位女作家

9 ADJ

最不想要的；最不可能的 You can use last to indicate that something is extremely undesirable or unlikely. 最不想要的；最不可能的 [emphasis]

  • The last thing I wanted to do was teach.

    我最不想幹的事情就是教書。

  • He would be the last person who would do such a thing.

    他最不可能幹這種事情。

SYN least likely, most unlikely, most unsuitable, least suitable
Last is also a pronoun.

  • I would be the last to say that science has explained everything.

    我絕對不認爲科學已經解釋了所有事情。

10 PRON

最後一次；最末一次 The last you see of someone or the last you hear of them is the final time that you see them or talk to them. 最後一次；最末一次

  • She disappeared shouting, 'To the river, to the river!' And that was the last we saw of her.

    她高喊着“往河裏去，往河裏去！”然後就消失了。那是我們最後一次看到她的情形。

  • I had a feeling it would be the last I heard of him.

    我有一種感覺，這將是我最後一次聽到他的消息。

11 VERB

持續，延續，維持（一段時間） If an event, situation, or problem lasts for a particular length of time, it continues to exist or happen for that length of time. 持續，延續，維持（一段時間） [Also V adv]

  • The marriage had lasted for less than two years. [VERB + for]

    這段婚姻維持了不到兩年。

  • The games lasted only half the normal time. [VERB noun]

    比賽只持續了通常時間的一半。

  • Enjoy it because it won't last. [VERB]

    盡情享受吧，因爲這不會長久。

12 VERB

夠用，保持可用狀態（一段時間） If something lasts for a particular length of time, it continues to be able to be used for that time, for example because there is some of it left or because it is in good enough condition. 夠用，保持可用狀態（一段時間） [Also VERB]

  • You only need a very small blob of glue, so one tube lasts for ages. [VERB + for]

    每次只需一點點膠水而已，因此一管可以用很長時間。

  • The repaired sail lasted less than 24 hours. [VERB noun]

    修好的帆支撐了不到24小時。

  • The implication is that this battery lasts twice as long as other batteries. [VERB adv.]

    言外之意是，這種電池的壽命是其他品牌電池的兩倍。

  • If you build more plastics into cars, the car lasts longer. [VERB adv.]

    如果汽車采用更多塑料元件，壽命會更長一些。

SYN continue, keep, remain, survive
13 VERB

支持完；熬過；拖過 You can use last in expressions such as last the game ,last the course, and last the week, to indicate that someone manages to take part in an event or situation right to the end, especially when this is very difficult for them. 支持完；熬過；拖過

  • They wouldn't have lasted the full game. [VERB noun]

    他們本不可能撐完整場比賽的。

  • I almost lasted the two weeks. I only had a couple of days to do. [VERB noun]

    我幾乎撐過了這兩個星期。我只有幾天時間去做。

To last out means the same as to last.last out同last

  • It'll be a miracle if the band lasts out the tour.

    如果樂隊能撐完巡演，那將是個奇迹。

  • A breakfast will be served to those who last out till dawn!

    堅持到天亮的能吃上早餐！

14 See also:

lasting 
Usage Note :

  • Note that you do not use after all if you want to talk about what happens at the end of a long period, instead you use at last, finally, in the end, lastly, or last of all. You use at last or finally when you have been waiting for or expecting something for a long time. At last usually comes at the end of a sentence. The storm that had threatened came at last. Finally usually comes at the beginning of a sentence or before a verb. After another search they finally located the house. You also use finally to talk about something that is the last in a series of things. He lived in Turkey, France, Norway, and finally Mexico. You use in the end when talking about something that happens after a long time or a long process. Perhaps the police got him in the end... In the end, Peter seemed quite happy. You use lastly to talk about the last of a series of people or things. I went through the bathroom, the bedroom, and lastly the sitting room. You use last of all to emphasize that there is nobody or nothing else after the person or thing you mention. Last of all came the cat.

    注意，談論很長一段時間之後最終發生的事，不用after all，而用at last，finally，in the end，lastly或last of all。表示經歷了長久的等待或期待時，用at last或finally，at last通常置於句末，例如，The storm that had threatened came at last（醞釀已久的暴風雨終於來了）。finally則通常置於句首或動詞之前：After another search they finally located the house（又搜尋了一番後，他們終於找到了那幢房子）。finally亦用於談論一連串事情的最後一件：He lived in Turkey, France, Norway, and finally Mexico（他曾在土耳其、法國和挪威生活過，最後來到了墨西哥）。表示某事經歷了較長的時間或過程後發生，則用 in the end, 例如，Perhaps the police got him in the end（也許警方最終抓到了他），In the end, Peter seemed quite happy（最後，彼得似乎很開心）。lastly用於談論一連串人或事物的最後一個或一件：I went through the bathroom, the bedroom, and lastly the sitting room（浴室、卧室最後連客廳我都找遍了）。last of all 則用來強調在提到的人或事物之後再無他人或其他事物，例如，Last of all came the cat（最後出場的是貓）。

15 PHRASE

終於；最後；到底 If you say that something has happened at last or at long last you mean it has happened after you have been hoping for it for a long time. 終於；最後；到底

  • I'm so glad that we've found you at last!.

    我們終於找到你了，我真是太高興了！

  • Here, at long last, was the moment he had waited for.

    他等待已久的時刻終於到來。

  • At last the train arrived in the station.

    火車終於到站了。

  • 'All right', he said at last. 'You may go.'

    “好吧”，他終於開口道，“你可以走了。”

SYN finally, eventually, in the end, ultimately
16 PHRASE

前天晚上／ 上上次選舉／上上任領導人 You use expressions such as the night before last ,the election before last and the leader before last to refer to the period of time, event, or person that came immediately before the most recent one in a series. 前天晚上／ 上上次選舉／上上任領導人

  • It was the dog he'd heard the night before last.

    他前晚聽到的是狗叫聲。

  • In the budget before last a tax penalty on the mobile phone was introduced.

    上上次的預算案中對移動電話引入了懲罰性稅收。

17 PHRASE

氣絕；斷氣；咽氣 If someone breathes their last, they die. 氣絕；斷氣；咽氣
18 PHRASE

倒數第二／倒數第三／ 倒數第四 You can use phrases such as the last but one, the last but two, or the last but three, to refer to the thing or person that is, for example, one, two, or three before the final person or thing in a group or series. 倒數第二／倒數第三／ 倒數第四

  • It's the last but one day in the athletics programme.

    那是田徑比賽結束的前一天。

  • The British team finished last but one.

    英國隊位列倒數第二。

19 PHRASE [PHRASE n]

所有；全部 You use every last to emphasize that you are talking about all the people or things in a group or all the parts of something. 所有；全部 [emphasis]

  • I'd spent all I had, every last penny.

    我把錢全部花光了，一分不剩。

  • You'll never quite get rid of every last bit of grit.

    無法把所有的沙礫都清除幹淨。

  • My tape recorder did not catch every last word.

    我的錄音機並沒有把每一個字都錄下來。

20 PHRASE

（需要裁員時首先解僱新員工的）“後進先出”原則 The expression last in, first out is used to say that the last person who started work in an organization should be the first person to leave it, if fewer people are needed. （需要裁員時首先解僱新員工的）“後進先出”原則

  • Workers will go on a 'last in, first out' basis.

    對工人的裁員原則是“後進先出”。

21 PHRASE

我/她最近一次聽到有關…的消息；最新消息 You can use expressions such as the last I heard and the last she heard to introduce a piece of information that is the most recent that you have on a particular subject. 我/她最近一次聽到有關…的消息；最新消息

  • The last I heard, Joe and Irene were still happily married.

    我最近一次聽說時，喬和艾琳仍然是一對快樂的夫妻。

22 PHRASE

把…留到最後 If you leave something or someone until last, you delay using, choosing, or dealing with them until you have used, chosen, or dealt with all the others. 把…留到最後

  • I have left my best wine until last.

    我把最好的酒留到了最後。

  • I picked first all the people who usually were left till last.

    我先挑出了所有通常留到最後的人。

23 PHRASE [VERB inflects]

不再見到某人 If you see the last of someone, you do not expect to see them or deal with them again. 不再見到某人

  • I honestly thought I'd seen the last of you.

    老實說我以爲再也不用見到你了。

24 PHRASE [PHRASE after verb]

[PHRASE after verb] 貫穿（全書、整部電影或整件事情） If you say that something goes on happening to the last, you mean that it happens throughout the whole of a book, film, or event. 貫穿（全書、整部電影或整件事情）

  • ...a highly readable political thriller with plenty of twists of plot to keep you guessing to the last.

    一部可讀性極強的政治驚悚小說，情節峰回路轉，不到最後一刻絕對猜不中結局

25 PHRASE

一直，始終（爲某一類人） If you say that someone is a particular kind of person to the last, you are emphasizing that they continue to be that kind of person. 一直，始終（爲某一類人）

  • A gentleman to the last, he did not run, but merely attempted to stroll away.

    他始終保持紳士風度，沒有拔腳就跑，只是試圖移步走開。

  • Armstrong was tall and handsome to the last.

    阿姆斯特朗從來都是這麽高大、英俊。

26 PHRASE [PHRASE after verb]

（表示全部包括在内）任何一絲細節/ 每一個人 You use expressions such as to the last detail and to the last man to indicate that a plan, situation, or activity includes every single person, thing, or part involved. （表示全部包括在内）任何一絲細節/ 每一個人

  • Every movement, no matter how casual and spontaneous, needs to be worked out to the last detail.

    對每一個動作，無論它顯得多麽随意和無意識，都不能放過一絲細節。

  • Our troops are being used up to the last man.

    我們的部隊已人盡其用。

27 last breath→see: breath  to have the last laugh→see: laugh  last-minute→see: minute  someone's last stand→see: stand  the last straw→see: straw  last thing→see: thing 
Phrasal verbs:

last out
Quotations
Many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first Bible: St. Mark
Usage
Usagelast and latter
Both last and latter refer to the final person or thing mentioned. Use last when more than two persons or things have been mentioned: Whales, dolphins, and sharks all have fins and live in the ocean, but only the last is a fish. Use latter when exactly two persons or things have been mentioned: Jorge and Ana applied for the same scholarship, which was awarded to the latter.
Trends of last
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