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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2273 COCA: 3576
recession

noun

recession ♦︎ depression ♦︎ slump ♦︎ slowdown ♦︎ troughThese are all words for a difficult period of time for business or the economy. 这些词均表示生意或经济不景气、萧条。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达不景气的程度
slowdownslumprecessiondepression
trough
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配in recession / a depression / a slump / a trougha major / serious / severe recession / depression / slumpan economic recession / depression / slump / slowdowna worldwide recession / depression / slump / slowdownto cause a recession / slump / slowdownto go into recession / depression recession rɪˈseʃn [countable, uncountable] a difficult time for the economy of a country, when there is less trade and industrial activity than usual and more people are unemployed 经济衰退;经济萎缩How do you assess the impact of the current recession on manufacturing?你如何评价时下经济萎缩对制造业的影响?We need active policies to pull the country out of recession.我们需要积极的政策来引导国家走出经济萎缩。These industries have been hit hard by the recession.这些行业受到经济衰退的严重冲击。 depression dɪˈpreʃn [countable, uncountable] a difficult time for a country when there is little economic activity and many people are unemployed and poor 萧条期;经济衰退;不景气The country was in the grip of (an) economic depression.当时国家正陷入经济萧条。He grew up during the Great Depression of the 1930s.他成长于20世纪30年代的经济大萧条时期。 depressed

adjective

They have made little attempt to bring jobs to economically depressed areas.在为经济萧条地区创造就业机会方面他们几乎没有作过什么努力。
slump [countable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻 or business 商业) a period when a country's economy or a business is doing badly 萧条期;衰退Housing sales are finally coming out of a three-month slump.房屋销售终于走出了连续三个月的萧条期。The toy industry is in a slump.现在玩具业不景气。 OPP boom do well see also slump reduction slowdown ˈsləʊdaʊn; NAmE ˈsloʊdaʊn [countable] (especially business 尤用于商业) a reduction in speed or activity, especially in business or the economy (尤指企业或经济的发展)减速,减缓There has been a slowdown in economic growth in recent months.最近几个月经济增长减缓。 trough trɒf; NAmE trɔːf [countable] (especially business 尤用于商业) a period of time when the level of sth is low, especially a time when a business or the economy is not growing 低谷;(企业或经济的)低潮,萧条阶段There have been peaks and troughs in the long-term trend of unemployment.长期以来失业率一直时起时伏。 OPP peak peak NOTE 辨析 Which word?A slowdown is the least serious of these and a depression is the most serious. A slowdown, slump or trough might affect the economy of a country generally, or just one particular business or industry; it usually lasts a period of months and is sometimes regarded as part of the normal business cycle. A recession affects a whole industry or a country's whole economy, and it can last for years. It is not usually regarded as part of the normal business cycle. However, a recession is still considered chiefly in terms of its effects on business and the economy; depression is used especially when you are considering the effect of recession on the lives of ordinary people, especially the difficult situation caused by poverty and unemployment when this affects a very large number of people. The Great Depression was the worldwide economic depression that followed the American stock market crash in 1929. 这些词中,slowdown的程度最轻,而depression最为严重。slowdown、slump或trough可能影响一个国家的整体经济状况,或仅影响某个企业或行业,通常会持续几个月的时间,有时被视为正常商业周期的一部分。recession影响的是整个行业或一国的整体经济,可持续数年,通常不被视为正常商业周期的一部分。不过,recession的影响仍被认为主要在商业和经济方面;depression的影响主要在百姓生活方面,尤指波及面很广,贫困和失业使得很多人生活艰难。the Great Depression指1929年美国股市暴跌后全球性的经济大萧条。

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